Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
10.3390/biomedicines9091216
Title: | Chronic Alcoholism and HHV-6 Infection Synergistically Promote Neuroinflammatory Microglial Phenotypes in the Substantia Nigra of the Adult Human Brain |
Authors: | Jain, Nityanand Smirnovs, Marks Strojeva, Samanta Murovska, Modra Skuja, Sandra Joint Laboratory of Electron Microscopy Institute of Microbiology and Virology |
Keywords: | Chronic alcoholism;HHV-6;Microglia;Neuroinflammation;Substantia Nigra;3.3 Health sciences;5.1 Psychology;3.1 Basic medicine;1.1. Scientific article indexed in Web of Science and/or Scopus database;Medicine (miscellaneous);General Biochemistry,Genetics and Molecular Biology;SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being |
Issue Date: | 1-Sep-2021 |
Citation: | Jain , N , Smirnovs , M , Strojeva , S , Murovska , M & Skuja , S 2021 , ' Chronic Alcoholism and HHV-6 Infection Synergistically Promote Neuroinflammatory Microglial Phenotypes in the Substantia Nigra of the Adult Human Brain ' , Biomedicines , vol. 9 , no. 9 , 1216 . https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9091216 , https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9091216 |
Abstract: | Both chronic alcoholism and human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) infection have been identified as promoters of neuroinflammation and known to cause movement-related disorders. Substantia Nigra (SN), the dopaminergic neuron-rich region of the basal ganglia, is involved in regulating motor function and the reward system. Hence, we hypothesize the presence of possible synergism between alcoholism and HHV-6 infection in the SN region and report a comprehensive quantification and characterization of microglial functions and morphology in postmortem brain tissue from 44 healthy, age-matched alcoholics and chronic alcoholics. A decrease in the perivascular CD68+ microglia in alcoholics was noted in both the gray and white matter. Additionally, the CD68+/Iba1- microglial subpopulation was found to be the dominant type in the controls. Conversely, in alcoholics, dystrophic changes in microglia were seen with a significant increase in Iba1 expression and perivascular to diffuse migration. An increase in CD11b expression was noted in alcoholics, with the Iba1+/CD11b- subtype promoting inflammation. All the controls were found to be negative for HHV-6 whilst the alcoholics demonstrated HHV-6 positivity in both gray and white matter. Amongst HHV-6 positive alcoholics, all the above-mentioned changes were found to be heightened when compared with HHV-6 negative alcoholics, thereby highlighting the compounding relationship between alcoholism and HHV-6 infection that promotes microglia-mediated neuroinflammation. |
Description: | Funding Information: Funding: The present study was funded by Fundamental & Applied Research Projects (FLPP), Latvian Council of Science wide no. lzp-2020/2-0069 (The role of human herpesvirus-6 infection and alcohol abuse in the development of neuroinflammation). Publisher Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. |
DOI: | 10.3390/biomedicines9091216 |
ISSN: | 2227-9059 |
Appears in Collections: | Research outputs from Pure / Zinātniskās darbības rezultāti no ZDIS Pure |
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