LSPA 2009. - 2023. gadā aizstāvētie promocijas darbi

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    Fiziskā kapitāla veicināšana fitnesā. Promocijas darba kopsavilkums / Promotion of Physical Capital in Fitness. Summary of the Doctoral Thesis
    (Latvian Academy of Sport Education, 2016) Čuprika, Aleksandra; Fernāte, Andra; Seilers, Rolands
    Currently sedentary lifestyle is becoming more and more frequent all over the world, causing serious health problems to people (World Health Organization, 2014). In 2012, 80% of European citizen deaths were caused by 'non-infectious diseases', such as blood circulation diseases, digestive problems, diabetes, aroused by sedentary lifestyle (Health 2020: The European policy framework supporting action across government and society for health and well- being, 2012). In 2014, more than 50% of European citizens in adult age had an increased fat mass or suffered from obesity, in some European countries this figure approached 70% (WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2014). 20% of children in Europe suffer from increased body weight and 40%: from obesity (Wijnhoven et al., 2014). 5% of coronary heart diseases, 7% of the Type II diabetes, 9% of breast cancer and 10% of colon cancer cases are related to a lack of physical activity, which resulted in 1 million deaths (approximately 10% of all deaths) and 8.3 million cases of disability acquisition per year in Europe (World Health Organization, 2015). According to the statistics provided in the Latvia's National Development Plan 2014 - 2020, in 2012 30% of all dead people in Latvia lost their lives in the economically active age (Latvia's National Development Plan 2014 - 2020; Pudule et al, 2012; Štāle et al, 2013). Only 8% of the citizens of the European Union and 6% of the citizens of Latvia regularly engage in physical activity recommended by the World Health Organization. 33% of the population in other European countries and 25% of Latvian population rarely engage in physical activity, 42% of the population in Europe and 39% in Latvia never engage in physical activity. 55% of European men and 63% of European women rarely or never engage in physical activity. In Latvia the situation is even worse: 66% of men and 71% of women do not engage in physical activity or do it very rarely (Eurobarometer, Sport and Physical Activities Report, 2013). In the Latvia's National Development Plan 2014-2020 'Human Securitability' is marked as one of the priorities, in the section of which 'Healthy and Fit for Work" one of the development points is the promotion of healthy lifestyle as the basis for the quality of life, therefore in Latvia it is one of the priority directions of society development (Latvia's National Development Plan 2014-2020). Based on the definition of the World Health Organization, health is a multi-functional concept that includes physical, mental and social well-being (Official Records of the World Health Organization, 1946). Therefore, a person's health is determined by both objective and subjective indicators. In its turn, in the understanding of health sciences, health is a tool for the acquisition of economic, cultural and social benefits: 'health is a dynamic state of well-being characterized by a physical, mental and social potential, which satisfies the demands of life' (Bircher, 2005). In the economic understanding of health, health is a value and it is objectively measured (Culyer, 2014). By implementing healthy lifestyle, it is possible to create new body exchange values in the social environment. Physical health as a body exchange value multiplies other values in the social environment, for example, well-being. Currently for people it is important to be satisfied with their feelings, to experience positive emotions, to belong to the society, which is one of the key aspects of well-being. Fitness provides several physical, mental and social benefits, including health improvement, stress reduction, care for one's interests, raise of self-confidence and promotion of a greater sense of social belonging (Spitzer et al., 1999; Pondé & Santana, 2000). Despite this, a lot of people do not participate in physical activity, which particularly relates to women (Green, 2008; Lewis & Ridge, 2005). The society has access to a wide range of information about active and healthy lifestyle, correct nutrition, different trends in fitness, people, however, still have not established a need to be regularly physically active, which may be due to peoples' value system, which has developed since childhood. Fitness is the implementation of a healthy lifestyle that helps to invest in one's capital, build one's identity, improve oneself, be together with others. A person forms in the society and accumulates capital by directly interacting with other individuals (Bourdieu, 1986; Shilling, 1991; Hutson, 2012). For a number of people the concept of capital is linked only to money or real estate, the so-called assets and symbols of difference, allowing to understand what social position a person occupies in the society. However, there are also different, sometimes invisible, forms of capital that affect person's life and its quality. Fitness, which consists of both healthy nutrition and health-promoting physical activity, is related to both appearance and health; however, the tendency of the society is to improve more the external - the body, rather than the internal health (Duncan, 1994; Dworkin & Wachs, 2009; Maguire, 2008). By investing in their physical capital with the help of fitness we are able to invest not only in our body, but in health in general, which will help to extend the duration of our social activity. By analysing scientific literature, was identified a number of contradictions: 1) Between the society, demanding a healthy and fit for work person, and a person's own knowledge about health, for whom the aim of physical activity is a change in the external appearance, rather than changes in the body, which improve health; 2) Between the demands of the society for non-stop development in order to resemble the ideal of appearance, promoted by media, and a person's abilities and desires to be suitable to them without losing one's social belonging; 3) Between a person's self-perception, readiness to change and the surrounding environment. This indicates the necessity to explore the issues more in detail. The Doctoral Thesis explores a person in the society, identifying each person's needs, interests and values, promoting social belonging through fitness, educating the person about the issues of healthy lifestyle and creating a need to invest in their physical capital, thus improving health. .