Spiegošanas un valsts nodevības krimināltiesiskais regulējums nacionālās drošības kontekstā

Abstract

Apstākļos, kad valda ģeopolitiskais saspīlējums starp Rietumvalstīm un Krieviju, un apsteidzošas informācijas iegūšanas sāncensībā aktuāli kļūst spiegošanas un valsts nodevības noziegumi. Taču kopš neatkarības atjaunošanas Latvijā neviena persona nav notiesāta par spiegošanu. Spēkā esošais Krimināllikuma regulējums ir nepilnīgs un nepietiekams, lai aizsargātu nacionālās drošības intereses, jo Krimināllikums valsts nodevību par noziegumu neatzīst, līdz ar to spiegošanas tiesiskais regulējums ir novecojis un nav piemērots pašreizējai situācijai.

The geopolitical environment once again has brought tension between the West and Russia, and in this on-going informational competition such crimes as treason and espionage become topical issues. Four people have been convicted of treason in Estonia over the past six years, while in Lithuania three criminal proceedings for espionage where initiated last year alone. It is a large number for the Baltic States, considering difficulties to prove the mentioned crimes. However, no one has been convicted of espionage in Latvia since regaining of independence. In the article the author compares the existing criminal law of the three Baltic States to discover and analyse possible theoretical as well as practical problems in applying liability for acts of treason and espionage in Latvia. The author proves that the Criminal Law of the Republic of Latvia is incomplete and insufficient to protect national security interests – the Criminal Law does not “recognise” treason as crime, and the legal regulation of espionage is outdated and unsuitable for the present situation.