Asphalt Fumes – Exposure during Work and Potential Effects in the Development of Colorectal Cancer
No Thumbnail Available
Date
2022
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte
Rīga Stradiņš University
Rīga Stradiņš University
Abstract
KOPSAVILKUS
IEVADS: Asfalts ir pielāgojama viela, kuru izmanto dažādos celtniecības materiālos visā
pasaulē. Karstuma dēļ sākotnējās jēlnaftas pārstrādes laikā dažas toksiskas un pat kancerogēnas
sastāvdaļas tiek iztvaikota. Šīs sastāvdaļas var iekļūt organismā uzsūcoties caur ādu un norijot caur
gremošanas traktu, un tās tiek izvadītas caur urīnceļiem un hepatobilāro traktu. Asfalta strādnieku
ķermenī molekulārās daļiņas kondensējas, uzkrājas, ietekmē šūnas un, iespējams, izraisa negatīvu
ietekmi uz veselību. Policikliskie aromātiskie ogļūdeņraži (PAO), viens no šiem savienojumiem, ir
klasificēts kā kancerogēns, un to ierobežo stingri noteikumi līdz maksimālajam daļiņu blīvumam, jo tam
ir skaidra korelācija ar plaušu vēzi. Šī savienojuma maksimālo daļiņu blīvumu Vācijas valdība
atjaunināja un samazināja 2019. gadā, un šobrīd ir zināms, ka asfaltā esošās toksiskās vielas ietekmē ne
tikai plaušas.
MĒRĶIS: Pilnībā izprast vienu no PAO kancerogēnajiem ceļiem molekulārā līmenī un analizēt
zināšanu trūkūma iespējamību PAO korreācija ar kolorektālo vēzi, vizualizējot dažādas kancerogēno
vielu skartās orgānu sistēmas. Turklāt izskaidrot grūtības, ko radītu zinātniskā izpēte, ņemot vērā
dažādus asfalta apstrādes veidus, jau noteiktos aizsardzības pasākumus un strādājošo dzīvesveida
paradumus, kā arī ieteikt faktorus, kas būtu jāņem vērā iespējamajos pētījumos.
METODOLOĢIJA: Lai izskatītu visus šīs plašās tēmas aspektus, šajā rakstā ir aplūkotas dažādas
PubMed-Registry attiecīgās grāmatas un pētnieciskie darbi, kā arī medicīniskie vai profesionālie raksti,
žurnāli un tīmekļa lapas.
GALVENIE REZULTĀTI: PAO ietekmētā PI3K/AKT/mTOR signāla pārraide ir sastopama
galvenokārt katrā mūsu ķermeņa šūnā un aktivizē AP-1, kas pārmērīgas ekspresijas gadījumā var izraisīt
audzēja ģenēzi. Ņemot vērā jau publicētos zinātniskos datus, varētu būt iespējams, ka ar žulti izdalītie
PAO korelē ar kolorektālo vēzi.
SECINĀJUMI: Nepieciešami turpmāki pētījumi šajā jomā, lai noskaidrotu, vai PAO
koncentrācija izdalītajā žultī ir pietiekami augsta, lai šūnās izraisītu kritisku līmeni, un vai pastāv
zinātniski nozīmīga korelācija ar kolorektālo karcinomu. Tikmēr strādniekiem, kas strādā ar šiem
savienojumiem, ir jāuzsver, ka jālieto nodrošinātos individuālos aizsardzības līdzekļus, jāievēro
aktualizētos valdības noteikumus un jāizmanto valsts nodrošinātās kolorektālā vēža skrīninga
programmas.
ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Asphalt is a very versatile substance used all over the world in many sorts of construction materials. Due to the heat during processing the original crude petroleum, several toxic and even carcinogenic components are volatilized. These components may enter the body by dermal absorption and by ingestion via the aerodigestive tract and are excreted by the urinary and the hepatobiliary tract. Within the body of the asphalt workers, the molecular particles condensate, accumulate, affect the cells and possibly lead to adverse health effects. PAH, one of these compounds, is classified as carcinogenic and is limited by strict regulations to a maximum particle density due to clear correlation of lung cancer. This maximum particle density was updated and lowered in Germany by the government in 2019, and it is by now known that the toxic substances in asphalt do not only affect the lungs. AIM: To fully understand one of the carcinogenic pathways of PAHs on molecular level and to analyze the possibility of a scientific gap related to colorectal cancer visualizing the different affected organ systems by the carcinogenic substances. Furthermore, to explain the difficulties which scientific research would entail considering different types of asphalt processing, already established protection measurements and life-style habits of the workers as well as to suggest factors that should be observed in possible research. METHODOLOGY: In order to consider all aspects of this broad topic, this paper reviews different relevant books and research papers from PubMed-Registry as well as medical or occupational articles, journals and webpages. KEY RESULTS: The by PAHs influenced PI3K/AKT/mTOR-Signaling-Pathway is present in mainly every cell of our body and activates AP-1 which, if overexpressed, may lead to tumorigenesis. Due to the already published scientific data, it could be possible that the via bile excreted PAHs correlate with colorectal cancer. CONCULSIONS: Whether the concentration of PAHs within the excreted bile is high enough to evoke a critical level within the cells and if there is a correlation to colorectal carcinoma of scientific significance, requires further research in this field. Until then, it should be emphasized to the workers handling these compounds, to use the provided personal protective equipment, to follow updated governmental regulations and to take advantage of state provided colorectal cancer screening programs.
ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Asphalt is a very versatile substance used all over the world in many sorts of construction materials. Due to the heat during processing the original crude petroleum, several toxic and even carcinogenic components are volatilized. These components may enter the body by dermal absorption and by ingestion via the aerodigestive tract and are excreted by the urinary and the hepatobiliary tract. Within the body of the asphalt workers, the molecular particles condensate, accumulate, affect the cells and possibly lead to adverse health effects. PAH, one of these compounds, is classified as carcinogenic and is limited by strict regulations to a maximum particle density due to clear correlation of lung cancer. This maximum particle density was updated and lowered in Germany by the government in 2019, and it is by now known that the toxic substances in asphalt do not only affect the lungs. AIM: To fully understand one of the carcinogenic pathways of PAHs on molecular level and to analyze the possibility of a scientific gap related to colorectal cancer visualizing the different affected organ systems by the carcinogenic substances. Furthermore, to explain the difficulties which scientific research would entail considering different types of asphalt processing, already established protection measurements and life-style habits of the workers as well as to suggest factors that should be observed in possible research. METHODOLOGY: In order to consider all aspects of this broad topic, this paper reviews different relevant books and research papers from PubMed-Registry as well as medical or occupational articles, journals and webpages. KEY RESULTS: The by PAHs influenced PI3K/AKT/mTOR-Signaling-Pathway is present in mainly every cell of our body and activates AP-1 which, if overexpressed, may lead to tumorigenesis. Due to the already published scientific data, it could be possible that the via bile excreted PAHs correlate with colorectal cancer. CONCULSIONS: Whether the concentration of PAHs within the excreted bile is high enough to evoke a critical level within the cells and if there is a correlation to colorectal carcinoma of scientific significance, requires further research in this field. Until then, it should be emphasized to the workers handling these compounds, to use the provided personal protective equipment, to follow updated governmental regulations and to take advantage of state provided colorectal cancer screening programs.
Description
Medicīna
Medicine
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care
Medicine
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care
Keywords
Kolorektālais vēzis; Asfalta izgarojumi; Policikliskie aromātiskie ogļūdeņraži (PAO); PI3K/AKT/mTOR signāla pārraide, Colorectal cancer; Asphalt fumes; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH); PI3K/AKT/mTOR-Signaling-Pathway