Сроки и последовательность прорезывания молочных зубов и влияющие на них факторы

Abstract

Primary teeth eruption is an important aspect of child’s growth and development. It reflects child’s physical condition and health. It is necessary to investigate timing of primary teeth eruption, in order to detect deviation from the standards of development in time. This article is made as literature review with the aim to describe the factors that affect primary teeth eruption times and to observe primary teeth eruption timing and sequence in populations of different countries. 60 publications from 1957 to 2016 are used for this review (books, scientific articles and clinical cases). Primary teeth eruption sequence in the populations of countries included in the review is similar, but the eruption timing is different. Indian children show the latest tooth emergence, the average age of mandibular central incisors eruption is 10.92 months. Comparatively for Spanish children eruption of mandibular central incisors is at the age of 7.20 months. In most parts of researches it is noticed that boys show earlier timing of primary teeth eruption than girls. Preterm born children have delayed primary teeth eruption, especially newborns with weight less than 1000 g and a gestational age less than 30 weeks. Children who are bigger at the time of birth have earlier primary teeth eruption. Data of breast-feeding and socio-economic status impact is contradictory. Publications have described a number of systemic diseases and genetic disorders that delay primary teeth eruption. It is also noted that malnutrition has an influence on delayed teething. Premature eruption of primary teeth is observed in case of congenital hemifacial hypertrophy and of natal and neonatal teeth. The premature eruption can be caused by smoking from a mother during pregnancy and also by insufficient physical activity before pregnancy. Timing of primary teeth eruption varies depending on population. Number of researchеs determined primary teeth eruption times in different countries. Delayed or premature eruption is when timing of tooth eruption differs significantly from average eruption time in population. Delayed eruption is more common because of premature birth, low body weight, malnutrition, genetic disorders, systemic diseases and local factors.