Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: 10.2478/prolas-2019-0012
Title: Immunological mechanisms of autoimmune thyroid diseases : A shift in the traditional TH1/TH2 paradigm
Authors: Zaķe, Tatjana
Skuja, Sandra
Lejnieks, Aivars
Groma, Valerija
Konrade, Ilze
Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology
Department of Internal Diseases
Keywords: environmental factors;Graves disease;Hashimoto's thyroiditis;T helper 17 cell;T regulatory cell;3.1 Basic medicine;3.2 Clinical medicine;1.1. Scientific article indexed in Web of Science and/or Scopus database;General
Issue Date: 1-May-2019
Citation: Zaķe , T , Skuja , S , Lejnieks , A , Groma , V & Konrade , I 2019 , ' Immunological mechanisms of autoimmune thyroid diseases : A shift in the traditional TH1/TH2 paradigm ' , Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences, Section B: Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences , vol. 73 , no. 2 , pp. 67-77 . https://doi.org/10.2478/prolas-2019-0012
Abstract: Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) mainly include Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and Graves' disease (GD), which are characterised by the presence of circulating antibodies against various thyroid autoantigens and infiltration of the thyroid gland by autoreactive lymphocytes. Despite the significant advancement in the knowledge of AITD pathogenesis in the last decade, the specific immunological mechanisms responsible for development of the disease are not thoroughly understood. Classically, HT has long been considered as a T helper (Th)1-mediated disease, while a Th2-driven autoimmune response is dominant for GD development. However, this classification has changed due to the description of Th17 lymphocytes, which suggested participation of these cells in AITD, particularly HT pathogenesis. Moreover, a shift in the balance between Th17 and T regulatory (Treg) cells has been observed in thyroid autoimmunity. We have observed overexpression of IL-17, the prominent effector cytokine of Th17, within thyroid tissues from HT and GD patients in our studies. The present review will focus on recent data regarding the role of Treg and Th17 lymphocytes in AITD pathogenesis. In addition, the impact and proposed mechanisms of the predominant environmental factors triggering the autoimmune response to the thyroid will be discussed.
Description: Funding Information: This work was supported by the Latvian Council of Science project No. lzp-2018/2-0059. Publisher Copyright: © 2019 Tatjana Zaķe et al., published by Sciendo 2019.
DOI: 10.2478/prolas-2019-0012
ISSN: 1407-009X
Appears in Collections:Research outputs from Pure / Zinātniskās darbības rezultāti no ZDIS Pure

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