The Risks of Branched Chain Amino Acid use in Athletes
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Date
2020
Authors
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Volume Title
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Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte
Rīga Stradiņš University
Rīga Stradiņš University
Abstract
Kopsavilkums Pamatojums:
Diētai un uzturam tiek arvien vairāk pievērsta uzmanība ikdienā. Līdz ar to arī uzturvielu papildus uzņemšana un stingra diēta ir biežs ikdienas ieradums daudziem cilvēkiem. Sazaroto ķēžu aminoskābes (BCAA) ir viens no biežākajiem uztura bagātinātājiem. Tomēr interesants fakts, ka ir ļoti maz pētījumu par to lietošanu. Pētnieciskā darba mērķis bija apkopot zinātnisko pētījumu rezultātus, lai izvērtētu BCAA papildus lietošanu un tās riskus. Pirmais uzdevums bija noskaidrot normālo BCAA fizioloģisko nepieciešamību un darbības mehānismu.
Metodes:
Šajā neempīriskajā literatūras apskatā teorētiskās bāzes avoti ir ņemti no zinātnisko pētījumu materiāliem, kā arī pētījumiem, kas publicēti starptautiskajā un vietējā periodikā. Datu ieguvei izmantots interneta resurss “Pubmed”. Šeit meklēšana tika veikta, izmantojot atslēgas vārdus un MeSH terminus. Meklēšana tika iedalīta pēc atslēgas vārdiem, sākot ar galveno tēmu “aminoskābes” līdz sīkākām – “BCAA”, atsevišķas BCAA (“valīns”, “leicīns”, “izoleicīns”), līdz to funkcijām. Tos kombinējot tika atrastas publikācijas un to references izmantotas.
Publikāciju atlasei tika ievērotas šādas darbības un kritēriji izstrādāti. Pētījumam jābūt saprotamam un ticamam. Publikāciju avotiem jābūt zinātniski nozīmīgiem. Rakstam jāatbilst šī darba mērķim. Pētījumu dalībniekiem jāatbilst pēc vecuma, fiziskā stāvokļa, uztura paradumiem u.c. Kopumā vairāk nekā 40 publikācijas, žurnālu raksti un grāmatas ir iekļauti šajā literatūras apskatā.
Secinājumi:
Šis apskats par sazaroto ķēžu aminoskābju lietošanu, riska izvērtējumu un darbības mehānismu sniedz priekšstatu par BCAA papildus lietošanas pierādītajiem efektiem, bet arī riski tiek iezīmēti. Tā kā nav zināms precīzs darbības mehānisms visa organismā un to funkcijas, nav iespējams spriest par to lietošanu bez risku iespējamības. Ir redzams, ka daudzi cilvēku – gan profesionāli sportisti, gan amatieri – lieto BCAA vienu un to pašu iemeslu dēļ. Palielināt muskuļu masu ir visizplatītākais. BCAA lietošanas pozitīvais efekts ir izmērāms. Teorētiski, pēc pašreiz pieejamās zinātniskās bāzes, ir pierādīts, ka BCAA veicina anaboliskus procesus cilvēka oeganismā. Galvenais mehānisms ir MTOR ceļš, kas palielina olbaltumvielu sintēzi. Turklāt BCAA papildus lietošanai piemīt pozitīva ietekme uz imūno un gastrointestinālo sistēmu. Riski, kas saistīti ar pārāk liela daudzuma BCAA lietošanu, ir maz zināmi. Ir dažas statistiskas analīzes par riska faktoriem, teorētiski pētījumi par mehānismiem, kas varētu izraisīt metaboliskas vai kardiovaskulāras slimības, bet tiem vēl nav praktisku pierādījumu.
Background: Diet and nutrition are more and more in focus on daily basis. Therefore, supplementation of nutrients and a strict diet is common and a daily habit of many people. Branched chain amino acids (BCAA) are hereby one of the most common supplements. Hereby it is interesting that there are only very few studies were made and published for its use. The aim of this study is to collect data from scientific studies to access the use and risks of BCAA supplementation. Hereby the first task is to figure out the normal physiological need for BCAAs and to check the mechanism of action. Methods: In this non-empiric literature review the sources for theoretical basis is coming from scientific study materials for medical studies and professionals, as well as from studies published in international and national journals. To collect data the publication website “PubMed” is used. Here the search went through keyword search and mesh search. Hereby the search splited by the key words starting with the main topic of “Amino acids”, to smaller topics like “BCAA”, the BCAA themselves (“Valine”, ”Leucine”, ”Isoleucine”), to their function. In the combination further articles were found and references of the articles were used. For the collection of articles following steps were followed and criteria were made. The procedures of the study should be understandable and reliable. The sources of the article should be from scientific relevance. The article itself must have a relevance to the aim of the thesis. Tested subjects should be in same condition as age, physical condition, nutrition etc. In total over 40 publications, journal articles and books are covering and included in this literature review. Conclusion: In this overview about branched chain amino acids its use, risk assessment and the mechanism of action it is clear that the supplementation of BCAA gives already proven benefits but also risks are predicted. Due to the lack of knowledge in the exact mechanism of action in all body regions and body function it is not possible to say that its use is without risk. It is seen that many people who either do professional sport or just as hobby sportists are using BCAA for the same reasons. Hereby building up muscle mass is the most popular one. This beneficial effect of an BCAA intake could be already measured. In theory as far as the scientific community has done research, it is true and proven that BCAA help the anabolic process in the human body. Hereby is the major mechanism the MTOR pathway which increases protein synthesis. . Furthermore a BCAA supplementation leads to positive effects on the Immune and gastrointestinal system. The risks of a too high concentration of BCAA in the human body are only poorly known. There are some statistical analysis of risk factors, theoretical studies about the mechanisms which could lead to diseases of the metabolic or cardiovascular but there is no practical evidence yet.
Background: Diet and nutrition are more and more in focus on daily basis. Therefore, supplementation of nutrients and a strict diet is common and a daily habit of many people. Branched chain amino acids (BCAA) are hereby one of the most common supplements. Hereby it is interesting that there are only very few studies were made and published for its use. The aim of this study is to collect data from scientific studies to access the use and risks of BCAA supplementation. Hereby the first task is to figure out the normal physiological need for BCAAs and to check the mechanism of action. Methods: In this non-empiric literature review the sources for theoretical basis is coming from scientific study materials for medical studies and professionals, as well as from studies published in international and national journals. To collect data the publication website “PubMed” is used. Here the search went through keyword search and mesh search. Hereby the search splited by the key words starting with the main topic of “Amino acids”, to smaller topics like “BCAA”, the BCAA themselves (“Valine”, ”Leucine”, ”Isoleucine”), to their function. In the combination further articles were found and references of the articles were used. For the collection of articles following steps were followed and criteria were made. The procedures of the study should be understandable and reliable. The sources of the article should be from scientific relevance. The article itself must have a relevance to the aim of the thesis. Tested subjects should be in same condition as age, physical condition, nutrition etc. In total over 40 publications, journal articles and books are covering and included in this literature review. Conclusion: In this overview about branched chain amino acids its use, risk assessment and the mechanism of action it is clear that the supplementation of BCAA gives already proven benefits but also risks are predicted. Due to the lack of knowledge in the exact mechanism of action in all body regions and body function it is not possible to say that its use is without risk. It is seen that many people who either do professional sport or just as hobby sportists are using BCAA for the same reasons. Hereby building up muscle mass is the most popular one. This beneficial effect of an BCAA intake could be already measured. In theory as far as the scientific community has done research, it is true and proven that BCAA help the anabolic process in the human body. Hereby is the major mechanism the MTOR pathway which increases protein synthesis. . Furthermore a BCAA supplementation leads to positive effects on the Immune and gastrointestinal system. The risks of a too high concentration of BCAA in the human body are only poorly known. There are some statistical analysis of risk factors, theoretical studies about the mechanisms which could lead to diseases of the metabolic or cardiovascular but there is no practical evidence yet.
Description
Medicīna
Medicine
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care
Medicine
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care
Keywords
BCAA, valīns, leicīns, izoleicīns, BCAA, valine, leucine, isoleucine