Ārvalstu investīcijas Latvijā: problēmas, attīstības perspektīvas un ietekme uz uzņēmējdarbību
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Date
2024
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Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte
Rīga Stradiņš University
Rīga Stradiņš University
Abstract
Ārvalstu investīcijas ir svarīgs ekonomikas izaugsmes virzītājspēks jebkurā valstī. Ārvalstu investīcijām ieplūstot valstī tiek veicināta jaunu darba vietu veidošana, inovāciju ieviešana un jaunu prasmju pārnese, kas kopumā ceļ valsts konkurētspēju globālā mērogā. Bakalaura darbs “Ārvalstu investīcijas Latvijā: problēmas, attīstības perspektīvas un ietekme uz uzņēmējdarbību” tika veikts ar mērķi noskaidrot un analizēt esošās ārvalstu investīciju problēmas Latvijā, kā rezultātā izstrādāt potenciālās ārvalstu investīciju piesaistes iespējas.
Bakalaura darba mērķa sasniegšanai tika izmantotas vairākas pētījuma metodes, t.sk. monogrāfiskā, sekundāro datu analīzes, ekspertu intervijas, dokumentu analīzes, loģiski konstruktīvā un grafiskā metode. Šo metožu pielietošana palīdzēja rast atbildi uz pētījuma jautājumu – kādas ir būtiskākās ārvalstu investīciju piesaistes problēmas un to pilnveidošanas iespējas Latvijā? Darba autore balstoties uz veikto pētījumu secina, ka galvenās ārvalstu piesaistes problēmas ir: ēnu ekonomika, neprognozējama likumdošanas un regulējošo tiesību aktu prakse, darbaspēka trūkums, zems demogrāfijas līmenis, nepietiekams izglītības un zinātnes līmenis un lēna valsts sektoru digitalizācija. Pēc pētījuma datiem tika secināts, ka Latvijas ģeogrāfiskais novietojums ir viens no svarīgākajiem motivējošajiem faktoriem, kas veicina ārvalstu tiešo investīciju ieplūdi. Vēl tika secināts, ka Latvijas investīciju pievilcība 2022.gadā, pēc Ārvalstu investoru padomes Latvijā veiktā pētījuma, ir bijusi zemākā kopš 2016.gada, norādot uz dažādiem uzņēmējdarbības un investīciju vides trūkumiem.
Pēc pētījuma rezultātiem, autore Saeimai un Ekonomikas ministrijai kopā ar LIAA ieteiktu uzturēt atvērtu un aktīvu komunikāciju ar Ārvalstu investoru padomi, veidojot kopīgas tikšanās savā starpā, tādejādi pārrunājot un sastādot rīcības plānu aktuālajām investīciju piesaistes problēmām. Turklāt no valsts institūciju puses būt nepieciešams digitalizēt esošās platformas, procesus un dokumentus, kas ir saistīti ar ārvalstu investoru ienākšanu valstī.
Kopējais lappušu skaits – 60, tabulu skaits – 6, literatūras avotu skaits – 44 un pielikumu skaits – 9.
Foreign investment is an important driver of economic growth in any country. As foreign investments flow into the country, the creation of new jobs, the introduction of innovations, and the transfer of new skills are encouraged, which in general increases the country's competitiveness on a global scale. The bachelor's thesis “Foreign investments in Latvia: problems, development perspectives and impact on entrepreneurship” was carried out with the aim of clarifying and analyzing the existing problems of foreign investments in Latvia, and as a result, developing potential opportunities for attracting foreign investments. Several research methods were used to achieve the goal of the bachelor thesis, including monographic, secondary data analysis, expert interviews, document analysis, logical constructive, and graphic method. The application of these methods helped to find an answer to the research question – what are the most important problems of attracting foreign investments and the possibilities of their improvement in Latvia? Based on the conducted research, the author concludes that the main problems of foreign attraction are: shadow economy, unpredictable practice of legislation and regulatory legislation, lack of labor, low level of demographics, insufficient level of education and science, and slow digitization of public sectors. According to the research data, it was concluded that Latvia's geographical position is one of the most important motivating factors that contribute to the inflow of foreign direct investment. It was also concluded that the investment attractiveness of Latvia in 2022, according to the research conducted by the Council of Foreign Investors in Latvia, has been the lowest since 2016, indicating various shortcomings of the entrepreneurship and investment environment. According to the results of the research, the author would recommend the Saeima and the Ministry of Economy, together with the LIAA, to maintain open and active communication with the Council of Foreign Investors, holding joint meetings with each other, thus discussing and drawing up an action plan for the current investment attraction problems. In addition, it is necessary for the state institutions to digitize the existing platforms, processes and documents related to the entry of foreign investors into the country. The total number of pages – 60, number of tables – 6, the number of literature sources – 44, the number of appendices – 9.
Foreign investment is an important driver of economic growth in any country. As foreign investments flow into the country, the creation of new jobs, the introduction of innovations, and the transfer of new skills are encouraged, which in general increases the country's competitiveness on a global scale. The bachelor's thesis “Foreign investments in Latvia: problems, development perspectives and impact on entrepreneurship” was carried out with the aim of clarifying and analyzing the existing problems of foreign investments in Latvia, and as a result, developing potential opportunities for attracting foreign investments. Several research methods were used to achieve the goal of the bachelor thesis, including monographic, secondary data analysis, expert interviews, document analysis, logical constructive, and graphic method. The application of these methods helped to find an answer to the research question – what are the most important problems of attracting foreign investments and the possibilities of their improvement in Latvia? Based on the conducted research, the author concludes that the main problems of foreign attraction are: shadow economy, unpredictable practice of legislation and regulatory legislation, lack of labor, low level of demographics, insufficient level of education and science, and slow digitization of public sectors. According to the research data, it was concluded that Latvia's geographical position is one of the most important motivating factors that contribute to the inflow of foreign direct investment. It was also concluded that the investment attractiveness of Latvia in 2022, according to the research conducted by the Council of Foreign Investors in Latvia, has been the lowest since 2016, indicating various shortcomings of the entrepreneurship and investment environment. According to the results of the research, the author would recommend the Saeima and the Ministry of Economy, together with the LIAA, to maintain open and active communication with the Council of Foreign Investors, holding joint meetings with each other, thus discussing and drawing up an action plan for the current investment attraction problems. In addition, it is necessary for the state institutions to digitize the existing platforms, processes and documents related to the entry of foreign investors into the country. The total number of pages – 60, number of tables – 6, the number of literature sources – 44, the number of appendices – 9.
Description
Starptautiskais bizness un ilgtspējīga ekonomika
International Business and Sustainable Economy
Vadība, administrēšana un nekustamo īpašumu pārvaldība
Management, Administration and Real Estate Management
International Business and Sustainable Economy
Vadība, administrēšana un nekustamo īpašumu pārvaldība
Management, Administration and Real Estate Management
Keywords
Ārvalstu tiešās investīcijas, uzņēmējdarbības un investīciju vide, investīciju piesaistes problēmas, pilnveidošanas iespējas., Foreign direct investments, business and investment environment, investment attraction problems, improvement opportunities.