Sieviešu dalības dzemdes kakla vēža skrīninga programmā raksturojums Latvijā
No Thumbnail Available
Date
2023
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte
Rīga Stradiņš University
Rīga Stradiņš University
Abstract
Tēma: Sieviešu dalības dzemdes kakla vēža skrīninga programmā raksturojums Latvijā.
Mērķis: Noskaidrot ar dalību dzemdes kakla vēža skrīningā saistītos faktorus skrīninga vecuma
sieviešu populācijā Latvijā.
Aktualitāte: Eiropā dzemdes kakla vēzis ieņem otro vadošo vietu pēc izplatības rādītāja. Ik
gadu Eiropas Savienībā ir reģistrēti 33 000 jaunatklātie dzemdes kakla vēža gadījumi un 15 000
dzemdes kakla vēža izraisītie nāves gadījumi. Latvijā dzemdes kakla vēzis sieviešu vidū
vecumā līdz 45 gadiem ir otrais biežāk sastopamais vēža veids un trešais izplatītākais vēža
izraisītas nāves cēlonis sievietēm. Ir pieejama savlaicīga dzemdes kakla vēža pirmsvēža
stāvokļa noteikšana, kā arī agrīna vēža diagnosticēšana, ko sevī ietver dzemdes kakla vēža
skrīnings. Taču, neskatoties uz pieejamo profilaksi, Latvijā ir nepietiekama sieviešu dalība
skrīningā. 2022. gadā pirmajā pusgadā sasniegta 58,9% liela atsaucība, kas ir lielākā visa
skrīninga programmas pastāvēšanas laikā. Sieviešu dalība skrīningā var variēt atkarībā no
dažādiem faktoriem, tajā skaitā sociāli demogrāfiskajiem faktoriem, dzīvesveida paradumiem
un esošā informētības līmeņa par dzemdes kakla vēža skrīningu.
Pētījuma dizains: Šķērsgriezuma pētījums.
Materiāls un metodes: Bakalaura darba izstrādei tika izmantota kvantitatīvā šķērsgriezuma
pētījuma ‘‘Dzemdes kakla vēža ierobežošana: inteliģenti un personalizēti risinājumi vēža
skrīningam’’ datu bāzes dati. Bakalaura darba ietvaros pētītā mērķa grupa ir Latvijas
iedzīvotājas sievietes vecumā no 25 līdz 70 gadiem. Bakalaura darba pētījuma izlase ietvēra
1313 sievietes. Dati ievākti ar pašaizpildāmu aptaujas anketu palīdzību Rīgas Austrumu
klīniskās universitātes slimnīcas ambulatorajā daļā, apmeklējot kolposkopijas speciālistu, un 10
Latvijas ģimenes ārstu praksēs.
Bakalaura darba datu analīzē pielietotas aprakstošās statistikas metodes - frekvenču biežuma
analīze, šķērstabulas, Hī kvadrāta (χ
2
) tests, Fišera precīzais tests. Aprēķināto rezultātu
statistiskā ticamība tika pamatota ar p vērtībām (rezultāti atzīti par statistiski nozīmīgiem, ja
p<0,05) un 95% ticamības intervālu (rezultāti atzīti par statistiski nozīmīgiem, ja kategoriju
savstarpējā salīdzināšanā neatkarīgām mainīgām nepārklājās ticamības intervāli). Datu
statistiskā analīze veikta ar programmām Microsoft Office Excel un IBM SPSS 27.0.1.0.
Ticamības intervālu aprēķināšanai izmantota “Epitools” programma ar Wilson metodi.
Secinājumi: Visaugstākais sieviešu īpatsvars, kuras veica izmeklējumu pēdējo piecu gadu
laikā, bija sieviešu vidū vecumā no 30 līdz 39 gadiem, no 40 līdz 49 gadiem, no 50 līdz 59
gadiem. Biežāk nekā reizi gadā, reizi gadā, reizi divos gados izmeklējumu veica jaunākā
vecuma sievietes no 25 līdz 29 gadiem. Visaugstākais sieviešu īpatsvars, kuras veica
izmeklējumu pēdējo piecu gadu laikā un izmeklējuma biežuma grupā “biežāk nekā reizi gadā,
3
reizi gadā, reizi divos gados” un “reizi 3-4 gados”, bija sieviešu vidū ar augstāko izglītību.
Topic: Characteristics of women's participation in cervical cancer screening in Latvia. Objective: To identify factors associated with participation in cervical cancer screening in a population of women of screening age in Latvia. Topicality: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in Europe. Every year, 33 000 newly diagnosed cervical cancer cases and 15 000 cervical cancer deaths are recorded in the EU. In Latvia, cervical cancer is the second most common type of cancer among women aged under 45 and the third most common cause of cancer deaths in women. Early detection of cervical cancer is possible, which includes cervical cancer screening. Despite available prevention, screening uptake among women in Latvia is low. In 2022, a 58.9% coverage was achieved in the first half of the year, which is the highest in the lifetime of the screening programme. Women's uptake of screening can vary depending on various factors, including socio-demographic factors, lifestyle habits and the current level of awareness of cervical cancer screening. Study design: Cross-sectional study. Study methods: The bachelor thesis was developed using data from the quantitative cross sectional study ''Towards elimination of cervical cancer: intelligent and personalised solutions for cancer screening''. The target group of the bachelor thesis is Latvian women aged between 25 and 70 years. The sample of the Bachelor's thesis included 1313 women. Data were collected by self-administered questionnaires in the outpatient department of Riga East Clinical University Hospital, by visiting colposcopy specialists and in 10 Latvian general practitioners' practices. Descriptive statistical methods - frequency analysis, cross-tabulations, Chi-square (χ 2 ) test, Fisher's exact test - were applied in the data analysis of the bachelor thesis. Statistical significance of the calculated results was based on p-values (results are considered statistically significant if p<0.05) and 95% confidence intervals (results are considered statistically significant if there are no overlapping confidence intervals for the independent variables in the inter-category comparisons). Statistical analysis of the data was performed using Microsoft Office Excel and IBM SPSS 27.0.1.0. Findings: The highest proportions of women who had been screened in the last five years were aged 30-39, 40-49 and 50-59. Women aged 25-29 were the youngest age group to be screened more often than once a year, once every year, once every two years. The highest proportion of women who had been screened in the last five years and in the frequency groups "more than once a year, once a year, once every two years" and "once every 3-4 years" was among women with higher education. The highest proportion of women who had been screened in the last five 5 years and in the frequency group "more than once a year, once a year, once every two years" was among women living with a partner. The highest proporti
Topic: Characteristics of women's participation in cervical cancer screening in Latvia. Objective: To identify factors associated with participation in cervical cancer screening in a population of women of screening age in Latvia. Topicality: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in Europe. Every year, 33 000 newly diagnosed cervical cancer cases and 15 000 cervical cancer deaths are recorded in the EU. In Latvia, cervical cancer is the second most common type of cancer among women aged under 45 and the third most common cause of cancer deaths in women. Early detection of cervical cancer is possible, which includes cervical cancer screening. Despite available prevention, screening uptake among women in Latvia is low. In 2022, a 58.9% coverage was achieved in the first half of the year, which is the highest in the lifetime of the screening programme. Women's uptake of screening can vary depending on various factors, including socio-demographic factors, lifestyle habits and the current level of awareness of cervical cancer screening. Study design: Cross-sectional study. Study methods: The bachelor thesis was developed using data from the quantitative cross sectional study ''Towards elimination of cervical cancer: intelligent and personalised solutions for cancer screening''. The target group of the bachelor thesis is Latvian women aged between 25 and 70 years. The sample of the Bachelor's thesis included 1313 women. Data were collected by self-administered questionnaires in the outpatient department of Riga East Clinical University Hospital, by visiting colposcopy specialists and in 10 Latvian general practitioners' practices. Descriptive statistical methods - frequency analysis, cross-tabulations, Chi-square (χ 2 ) test, Fisher's exact test - were applied in the data analysis of the bachelor thesis. Statistical significance of the calculated results was based on p-values (results are considered statistically significant if p<0.05) and 95% confidence intervals (results are considered statistically significant if there are no overlapping confidence intervals for the independent variables in the inter-category comparisons). Statistical analysis of the data was performed using Microsoft Office Excel and IBM SPSS 27.0.1.0. Findings: The highest proportions of women who had been screened in the last five years were aged 30-39, 40-49 and 50-59. Women aged 25-29 were the youngest age group to be screened more often than once a year, once every year, once every two years. The highest proportion of women who had been screened in the last five years and in the frequency groups "more than once a year, once a year, once every two years" and "once every 3-4 years" was among women with higher education. The highest proportion of women who had been screened in the last five 5 years and in the frequency group "more than once a year, once a year, once every two years" was among women living with a partner. The highest proporti
Description
Sabiedrības veselība
Public Health
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care
Public Health
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care
Keywords
Dzemdes kakla vēža skrīnings, sociāli demogrāfiski faktori, dzīvesveida
paradumi, informētība par dzemdes kakla vēža profilaksi, Cervical cancer screening, socio-demographic factors, lifestyle habits, awareness
of cervical cancer prevention