Latest Trends in Pharmacotherapy in the Treatment of Obesity
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Date
2022
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Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte
Rīga Stradiņš University
Rīga Stradiņš University
Abstract
Ievads: aptaukošanās ir izplatīta, novēršama, hroniska saslimšana. Svara pieaugumu ietekmē vairāki faktori. Aptaukošanās izplatība visā pasaulē pieaug eksponenciāli un apdraud sabiedrības veselību. Aptaukošanās ir saistīta ar vairākām slimībām un nelabvēlīgu ietekmi uz kardiometabolisko veselību. Ir konstatēts, ka dzīvesveida izmaiņas, kas ir pirmās rindas aptaukošanās terapija, nav pietiekamas, lai cīnītos ar “aptaukošanās pandēmiju”. Lai gan operācija joprojām ir visefektīvākais veids, kā panākt svara zudumu, ne visi ir tai piemēroti. Pret aptaukošanās medikamentiem ir sena vēsture, taču pēdējo 10 gadu laikā ir pieaugusi interese par jaunu medikamentu izstrādi un rezultātā ir radīti efektīvi medikamenti.
Mērķis: šī literatūras apskata mērķis bija izpētīt jaunākās tendences pretaptaukošanās medikamentu un uztura bagātinātāju jomā un salīdzināt efektivitāti un drošību. Uzsvars tika likts uz medikamentiem, kas ir pieejami Eiropā, piemēram, orlistats, liraglutīds, semaglutīds, naltreksons/bupropions, kā arī medikamenti, kas nav apstiprināti, piemēram, fentermīns/topiramāts, tirzepatīds un lorcaserīns. Šajā pārskatā tika aprakstīti arī vairāki uztura bagātinātāji.
Metodes: Šis literatūras apskats tika balstīts uz zinātniskiem rakstiem, pētījumiem un ekspermantiem, kā arī citām zinātniskām publikācijām. Literatūras apskats balstīts uz jaunākajiem rakstiem, kas publicēti laika periodā no 2017. līdz 2022. gadam. Publikācijas tika meklētas internetā, konkrētāk, tādās datubāzēs kā PubMed, EBSCOhost (MEDLINE), Science Direct un Cochrane.
Secinājumi: Tā kā aptaukošanās ir pieaugoša un nopietna veselības problēma visā pasaulē, arvien pieaug pieprasījums pēc drošām un efektīvām pretaptaukošanās zālēm. Turklāt, lai sasniegtu rezultātus, ir stingri jāievēro medikamentu lietošanas norādījumi, un tāpēc optimālām zālēm ir jābūt pēc iespējas mazākām blakusparādībām. Ir jaunas ēras pretaptaukošanās līdzeklis ar divkāršu iedarbību, tirzepatīds, kas šobrīd ir izrādījies visefektīvākais svara zaudēšanas līdzeklis. Zāļu dubultās darbības atklāšana sola gaišu nākotni aptaukošanās farmakoterapijas jomā. Nākotne rādīs, vai zāles būs tikpat efektīvas kā bariatriskā ķirurģija.
Background: Obesity is a common, preventable, chronic disease. Multiple factors play a role in weight gain. The prevalence of obesity is increasing exponentially throughout the world and threatens public health. Obesity has been associated with several diseases and with adverse effects on cardiometabolic health. Lifestyle modifications, which are the first-line therapy for obesity, have been found to be not sufficient to fight the ‘obesity pandemic’ alone. Although surgery is still the most efficient way to achieve weight loss, not everyone is suitable for it. There is a long history of anti-obesity medications, but in the past 10 years the interest in developing new drugs has grown aggressively and as a result produced effective medications. Objectives: The aim of this literature review was to research the latest trends in the field of anti-obesity medications and supplements and to compare the efficacy and safety. Emphasis was placed on medications that are available in Europe such as orlistat, liraglutide, semaglutide, naltrexone/bupropion, but also medications that are not approved such as phentermine/topiramate, tirzepatide and lorcaserin. Also, several dietary supplements were described in this article. Methods: This literature review was based on scientific articles, studies, and trials as well as other scientific publications. The literature review was based on recent articles published in period from 2017 to 2022. The publications were search from the Internet, more specifically from databases such as PubMed, EBSCOhost (MEDLINE), Science Direct, and Cochrane. Conclusions: Since obesity is a growing and serious health issue across the world, there is a great demand for safe and effective anti-obesity medications. Additionally, adherence to medication must be high to achieve the results, and therefore optimal medication should have as little side effects as possible. There is a new-era anti-obesity medication with dual-action, tirzepatide, that has been shown to be most efficient weight loss agent, currently. Discovering the dual action of the drug promises a bright future in the field of obesity pharmacotherapy. Future will show whether the medications will be as effective as bariatric surgery.
Background: Obesity is a common, preventable, chronic disease. Multiple factors play a role in weight gain. The prevalence of obesity is increasing exponentially throughout the world and threatens public health. Obesity has been associated with several diseases and with adverse effects on cardiometabolic health. Lifestyle modifications, which are the first-line therapy for obesity, have been found to be not sufficient to fight the ‘obesity pandemic’ alone. Although surgery is still the most efficient way to achieve weight loss, not everyone is suitable for it. There is a long history of anti-obesity medications, but in the past 10 years the interest in developing new drugs has grown aggressively and as a result produced effective medications. Objectives: The aim of this literature review was to research the latest trends in the field of anti-obesity medications and supplements and to compare the efficacy and safety. Emphasis was placed on medications that are available in Europe such as orlistat, liraglutide, semaglutide, naltrexone/bupropion, but also medications that are not approved such as phentermine/topiramate, tirzepatide and lorcaserin. Also, several dietary supplements were described in this article. Methods: This literature review was based on scientific articles, studies, and trials as well as other scientific publications. The literature review was based on recent articles published in period from 2017 to 2022. The publications were search from the Internet, more specifically from databases such as PubMed, EBSCOhost (MEDLINE), Science Direct, and Cochrane. Conclusions: Since obesity is a growing and serious health issue across the world, there is a great demand for safe and effective anti-obesity medications. Additionally, adherence to medication must be high to achieve the results, and therefore optimal medication should have as little side effects as possible. There is a new-era anti-obesity medication with dual-action, tirzepatide, that has been shown to be most efficient weight loss agent, currently. Discovering the dual action of the drug promises a bright future in the field of obesity pharmacotherapy. Future will show whether the medications will be as effective as bariatric surgery.
Description
Medicīna
Medicine
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care
Medicine
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care
Keywords
Aptaukošanās, svara zudums, farmakoterapija, zāles pret aptaukošanos, Obesity, weight loss, pharmacotherapy, anti-obesity medication