DSpace Repository :: Browsing by Author "Zolovs, Maksims"

Browsing by Author "Zolovs, Maksims"

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The amount of ghrelin-immunoreactive cells in the abomasum and intestines of 13-14-week-old calves supplemented with Jerusalem artichoke flour alone or in combination with Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast
(2022-04-26) Jonova, Sintija; Ilgaza, Aija; Ilgazs, Agris; Zolovs, Maksims; Gatina, Linda; Statistics Unit
Background and Aim: The use of antibiotics in animals for disease prevention and productivity has been banned in the European Union since 2006. Possible alternatives can be used prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics. These compounds can improve feed digestion and absorption in the gastrointestinal tract with identical nutrient uptake, while imparting the feeling of satiety, which reduces the activity of ghrelin-immunoreactive (IR) cells. The number of studies performed on the activity of ghrelin-IR cells in ruminants is insufficient. In particular, there are few such studies in calves during the transition period from being a relatively monogastric animal to a ruminant. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of Jerusalem artichoke flour (containing ∼50% prebiotic inulin) and a new, commercially unavailable synbiotic (combination of Jerusalem artichoke flour and Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain 1026) on the amount of ghrelin-IR cells in the abomasum and intestines of 13-14-week-old calves. Materials and Methods: Fifteen crossbreed, Holstein Friesian and Red Holstein calves (Bos taurus) (32±4 days, 72.1±11.34 kg) were used. Calves were allocated into three groups: Control group (CoG, n=5) received the standard diet, prebiotic group (PreG, n=5) received 12 g of flour of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) per head containing 6 g of prebiotic inulin in addition to the standard diet, and synbiotic group (SynG, n=5) received a synbiotic in addition to the standard diet which consisted of two different products: 12 g of flour of Jerusalem artichoke per head containing 6 g of prebiotic inulin and probiotic 5 g of a yeast S. cerevisiae strain 1026. Feed additives were added to the concentrate once a day for 56 days. On days 1, 28, and 56, the live weight of the calves was determined. On day 56 of the experiment, three calves from each group were slaughtered. Histological samples were collected from the two parts of each calf abomasum: Pars pylorica and pars fundalis and the middle part of the duodenum and jejunum. Immunohistochemical tissue staining methods were used to detect ghrelin-IR cells. Results: The live weight of the slaughtered calves on day 56 was 115.3±21.73 kg in CoG, 130.0±17.32 kg in PreG, and 119.0±7.94 kg in SynG. Ghrelin-IR cells were more abundantly localized in the cytoplasm of the abomasum muscle gland cells in pars fundalis and pars pylorica, and to a lesser extent in the duodenum and jejunum. The number of ghrelin-IR cells in the abomasal fundic gland area was significantly higher in the CoG, than in the PreG and SynG (p=0.0001), while the difference between the PreG and SynG was not significant (p=0.700). Conclusion: The addition of Jerusalem artichoke flour and its combination with the yeast S.cerevisiae stain 1026 in calves resulted in a lower number of ghrelin-IR cells in the abomasum, duodenum, and jejunum and, although insignificantly, increased live weight (p=0.491), suggesting that calves in these groups with the same feed intake as the CoG had a better breakdown of nutrients, thus having a longer feeling of satiety.
Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Body Mass Index as Predictors of Metabolic Syndrome in Schoolchildren (PACH Study)
(2024-12-07) Raudeniece, Jeļena; Justamente, Ilze; Ozoliņa-Moll, Līga; Soboļevs, Artjoms; Zolovs, Maksims; Dela, Flemming; Reihmane, Dace; Department of Human Physiology and Biochemistry; Laboratory of Sports and Nutrition Research; Department of Pathology; Statistics Unit
Purpose: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has become a condition not rarely diagnosed in children and adolescents, leading to changes in physical and mental health. Simple and cost-effective screening methods applied in schools are needed to take preventive measures and reduce the risk of the development of MetS in children. Methods: This prospective longitudinal study aims to investigate the prevalence of MetS and its risk factors in 8–10-year-old schoolchildren (46 boys and 60 girls) over 3 consecutive years. General Linear Mixed Model (GLMM) was used to assess the effect of recommended daily levels of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and obesity level on a new set of orthogonal variables formed from various parameters of MetS (eg blood pressure (BP), lipid panel and glucose homeostasis) determined by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Results: The prevalence of MetS was 2% in the years 2017, 2018 and 2019, while in 2020 prevalence reached 7.7%. The most prevalent combination of criteria defining MetS syndrome in children was increased WC, BP, and blood triglycerides (TG). PCA identified non-high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and total cholesterol (TCHOL) as important predictors of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Additionally, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and body mass index (BMI) were found to significantly influence the variance in MetS criteria. However, moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) did not have a notable effect on the variance of these criteria. Conclusion: The prevalence of MetS in children is increasing with age. Non-HDL turned out to be the most influential parameter across all principal components. The CRF, being accessible, simple to use, non-invasive and cost-effective, proved to be a superior predictor of variance of glucose homeostasis compared to BMI.
Comparative Analysis of Examination Methods for Periapical Lesion Diagnostics : Assessing Cone-Beam Computer Tomography, Ultrasound, and Periapical Radiography
(2024-04) Kārkle, Aleksandra; Slaidiņa, Anda; Zolovs, Maksims; Vaškevica, Anete; Meistere, Dita; Bokvalde, Zanda; Neimane, Laura; Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Health; Department of Prosthetic Dentistry; Statistics Unit
Introduction: Periapical lesions of teeth are typically evaluated using periapical X-rays (PA) or cone-beam computer tomography (CBCT); however, ultrasound imaging (US) can also be used to detect bone defects. A comparative analysis is necessary to establish the diagnostic accuracy of US for the detection of periapical lesions in comparison with PA and CBCT. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the measurement precision of US against PA and CBCT in detecting periapical lesions. Methods: This study included 43 maxillary and mandibular teeth with periapical lesions. All teeth were examined clinically, radiographically, and ultrasonographically. Observers evaluated and measured the periapical lesions on CBCT, PA, and US images. Results: The comparison of lesion size showed that it differs significantly between the different methods of examination. A statistically significant difference was found between CBCT and US (mean difference = 0.99 mm, 95% CI [0.43–1.55]), as well as between CBCT and PA (mean difference = 0.61 mm, 95% CI [0.17–1.05]). No difference was found between the US and PA methods (p = 0.193). Conclusion: US cannot replace PA radiography in detecting pathologies but it can accurately measure and characterize periapical lesions with minimal radiation exposure. CBCT is the most precise and radiation-intensive method so it should only be used for complex cases.
Comparative analysis of lens structural changes in ex-clean-up workers exposed to radiation from Chornobyl versus non-exposed individuals
(2024) Grisle, Elza; Zemitis, Arturs; Markevica, Inesa; Zolovs, Maksims; Laganovska, Guna; Rīga Stradiņš University
Purpose. The purpose of this research was to measure lens posterior cortex thickness and compare it between Chornobyl ex-clean-up workers and healthy individuals to determine whether Chornobyl ex-clean-up workers have a higher prevalence of posterior cortex cataract. Methods. The study was conducted on 32 eyes of healthy, non-exposed individuals, 32 eyes of individuals who worked only in Chornobyl City, and 16 eyes of individuals who worked on the roof of the reactor. All measurements were performed using a Heidelberg Anterion device. Statistical analyses were performed using Jamovi statistical software. Results. The results showed that those who had worked on the roof of the reactor had a significantly higher percentage of their lens occupied by the posterior cortex (median 17.3%, IQR 15.5–18.5%) compared to both the controls and city workers. Therefore, they also have a higher prevalence of posterior subcapsular cataracts (p<0.001). Conclusion. Exposure to increased radiation doses can cause alterations in various body structures, including the lens. Numerous studies have posited that heightened radiation exposure can induce substantial alterations in ocular structural integrity. Conversely, other studies have yielded results that exhibit higher degrees of uncertainty and ambiguity.
Comparison of Bone Quality in Middle Ages and Late Modern Period Human Skeletons from Latvia
(2023-07-14) Šerstņova, Ksenija; Edelmers, Edgars; Zolovs, Maksims; Pilmane, Māra; Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology; Statistics Unit
The analysis of bone microstructure and histological examination currently provides valuable insights into various facets of bone biology, ancient human existence, and bone-related diseases. This study aims to scrutinize the microstructure of historic Latvian bones, with three bone element groups selected (humerus, radius, and ulna) from a skeletal collection spanning from the Middle Ages to the Late Modern Period, procured through an archaeological excavation at St. George’s Church in Riga. To evaluate the changes in bone samples over time, two methods are utilized: (i) micro-computed tomography, used for measuring and calculating bone volume/trabecular volume (BV/TV), cortical bone and trabecular thickness, and trabecular pore diameter; (ii) immunohistochemistry (IHC) is employed to detect the presence of Runx2, OPG, OC, MMP2, TIMP2, BFGF, IL-1, IL-10, OPN, defensin-2, BMP 2/4, TGFβ factor in bone cells—specifically osteocytes. Archaeological human bone remains from the Middle Ages period in Latvia display a decline in the average bone volume to trabecular volume ratio when compared with the Late Modern Period, indicating a potential reduction in bone quality in the skeletons, potentially associated with a lower living standard during the earlier era. Comparing factors between the periods reveals a higher value of TIMP2 (p = 0.047) in samples from the Late Modern Period group, while IL-1 is higher (p = 0.036) in the Middle Ages group, which may suggest the presence of disease and diminished bone quality in the skeletons from the Middle Ages.
The Effects of Lactobacillus farciminis and Lactobacillus rhamnosus on Growth, Blood Biochemical, and Meat Quality Indicators of Specific Pathogen-Free Broiler Chickens
(2023-07-04) Eglite, Sabine; Ilgaza, Aija; Mancevica, Lauma; Zolovs, Maksims; Statistics Unit
The aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of Lactobacillus farciminis and Lactobacillus rhamnosus on live weight gain, feed consumption indicators, and some metabolic blood biochemical and meat quality indicators of specific pathogen-free Ross 308 broiler chickens. We carried out the study in three trials and included a total of 780 unsexed Ross 308 chickens, which we randomly divided into two groups: the control group (Con, n = 390, basal diet) and the probiotic group (ProL, n = 390, basal diet + a powder consisting of L. farciminis and L. rhamnosus 4 g/10 kg of feed). We raised broilers until day 35. We determined the amount of feed consumed, the average daily weight gain, the feed conversion ratio, the average daily feed intake, and the cumulative feed intake once a week. We collected blood samples from 45 broilers from each group at the end of the study. In addition, we slaughtered 30 broilers from each group by cervical dislocation to obtain a breast muscle sample (without skin) to determine meat quality in these chickens (cholesterol and unsaturated, omega-3, omega-6, omega-9, and saturated fatty acids). Feeding a probiotic mixture containing L. farciminis and L. rhamnosus did not significantly affect the growth and feed intake indicators. Feeding these probiotics significantly lowered the blood serum cholesterol levels but did not provide the expected reduction in meat cholesterol levels. However, feeding a probiotic mixture increased the levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids) in the breast meat and decreased saturated fatty acids. To better explain the effect of the combination of lactic acid bacteria (L. farciminis and L. rhamnosus) on the growth and development of broiler chickens in our study, histological and immunohistochemical examinations should be performed.
Effects of Lactobacillus farciminis and Lactobacillus rhamnosus on the duodenal development of specific-pathogen-free broiler chickens
(2024-11) Eglite, Sabine; Jonova, Sintija; Gorbačevska, Dace; Zolovs, Maksims; Ilgaza, Aija; Statistics Unit
Background and Aim: The positive effects of Lactobacillus farciminis and Lactobacillus rhamnosus on growth and feed consumption indicators have been described; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to determine whether the addition of L. farciminis CNCM-I-3699 (2.1010 GU/g) and L. rhamnosus CNCM-I-3698 (2.1010 GU/g) to the feed of Ross 308 specific-pathogen-free (SPF) broiler chickens (at a dose of 4 g/10 kg feed) affects live weight gain, the feed conversion ratio (FCR), and duodenal development in SPF broiler chickens. Materials and Methods: In total, 780 SPF broiler chicks were randomly divided into two groups (three replicates per group) immediately after hatching: The control group (n = 390) and the probiotic group (n = 390). Live body weight (g) and FCR were measured on days 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 of the study. Histological examinations (hematoxylin and eosin staining) of the duodenum were performed, and the villus height (VH), villus width, crypt depth (CD), muscle layer thickness, and VH: CD ratio were measured. In addition, immunohistochemical examinations were performed to determine the number of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-positive cells. Results: Feeding a probiotic mixture containing L. farciminis and L. rhamnosus to SPF broiler chickens for 35 days increased the duodenal absorption area and muscle layer thickness. In addition, it accelerated the histological development of the duodenum, as evidenced by the significantly higher number of PCNA-positive cells within the crypts. Although SPF broiler chickens in the ProL group exhibited greater live weight gain and lower FCR throughout the study, these differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion: These results suggest that L. farciminis and L. rhamnosus can serve as additives to SPF broiler chicken feed to promote growth and development.
Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of adult patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria in Latvia : insights from a two-centre study
(2024-07-01) Sokolovskis, Artūrs; Lapiņa, Lāsma; Lauva, Anna; Papirte, Sindija; Zolovs, Maksims; Ciekure, Līga; Mauliņš, Egīls; Lielmane, Līga; Kriķe, Petra; Selicka, Marija; Puriņa, Signe; Kurjāne, Nataļja; Rīga Stradiņš University
Background: Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) significantly impacts the quality of life of affected individuals. Objectives: This study aimed to elucidate the epidemiological and clinical profiles of adult CSU patients in Latvia. Materials & Methods: Patient interviews and electronic medical records from two study centres in Riga, Latvia, were reviewed. PROMs, including UCT, UAS7, USS, and CU-Q2oL, were used to assess disease control, activity, severity, and quality of life. Statistical analysis was performed using Jamovi v. 2.3.28 and IBM SPSS v. 29.0.0.0. Results: The cohort included 140 CSU patients (76.4% female; mean age 41.3 ± 14.9 years), mostly urban residents (87.1%) and non-smokers (53.6%). Urticaria with angioedema occurred in 52.1% and isolated urticaria in 47.9%, with 40% experiencing CSU for 1-5 years. Accompanying symptoms were reported by 63% and triggers by 72.9%. Allergy history and autoimmune disease diagnosis were noted in 49.3% and 29.3%. Treatment mainly involved second-generation antihistamines (85.7%) and omalizumab (17.9%). Mean scores for USS, UCT, and UAS7 were 28.8 (SD: 17.8), 8.2 (SD: 3.7), and 17.2 (SD: 14.1). UAS7 indicated severe CSU in 28.6%, and UCT suggested poorly controlled disease in 77.9%. CU-Q2oL total scores revealed mental status as the most affected domain (mean score: 51.7, SD: 28.7), with a significant association between accompanying symptoms and questionnaire scores. Conclusion: This study provides insights into the demographic and clinical aspects of CSU patients in Latvia, highlighting areas for potential improvement in patient care and emphasizing the need for further investigation into treatment outcomes and patient quality of life.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of the Third Molar Maturity Index (I3m) and Mandibular Condyle Cortication for Determining the Legal Age (18) of Latvian Individuals
(2025-02-16) Bokvalde, Zanda; Zamure-Damberga, Liene; Zolovs, Maksims; Neimane, Laura; Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Health; Statistics Unit
Background: It is important to accurately determine the legal age at which a person is considered and treated as an adult; in many countries, it is 18. With the increasing migration flow to European countries, accurate age estimation methods must be implemented. In this study, the third molar maturity (I3m) index and mandible condyle cortication stage were tested to distinguish adult from non-adult Latvian individuals using dental panoramic radiographs. Methods: This study included 716 selected dental panoramic radiographs of patients between the ages of 14 and 22. The lower-left third molar apical root parts were analyzed, and the I3m index was calculated. In addition, the condyle cortication stage was evaluated. Results: All logistic regression models achieved statistically significant results (p < 0.001). The accuracy was high for all groups (males: 0.90, females: 0.87, both genders: 0.89), and the sensitivity was lower than the specificity, particularly for females (sensitivity: 0.55). The I3m index appears to be a strong predictor across all models, while the mandibular condyle cortication stage plays a more nuanced role, depending on sex and the stage of condyle maturation. A higher I3m index value (greater than the cut-off of 0.095 in males) indicates a higher likelihood of being classified as a non-adult male for this model; however, in females, a cut-off point higher than 0.150 indicated a higher likelihood of being classified as a non-adult female. The new proposed cut-off values need to be tested on a new sample. Conclusions: The I3m index is a reliable age estimation tool, and a modified cut-off value could be determined for each gender in Latvian individuals. The condyle cortication stage is a weak tool for chronological age estimation in dental panoramic radiographs.
Exploring the Mediating Role of Parental Anxiety in the Link between Children’s Mental Health and Glycemic Control in Type 1 Diabetes
(2023-10) Siliņa, Evija; Taube, Māris; Zolovs, Maksims; Department of Psychiatry and Narcology; Statistics Unit
Pediatric diabetes type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D), as a chronic, incurable disease, is associated with psychoemotional and socioeconomic burden for the whole family. Disease outcomes are determined by the metabolic compensation of diabetes, characterized by the level of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). The caregivers play a critical role in the metabolic control of children with T1D. The aim of this study was to investigate which environmental factors may explain the relationship between diabetes compensation and anxiety and depression of a child. The cross-sectional interdisciplinary study recruited dyads from adolescents and their parents (N = 251). Adolescent and parent groups were screened for anxiety and depression. General linear model (GLM) mediation analysis was performed to determine the potential mediating effect of surrounding factors on the relationship between dependent variables (glycated hemoglobin) and independent variables (the child’s anxiety and depression symptoms). The study revealed that the relationship between HbA1c and the child’s anxiety and depression is fully mediated (B = 0.366, z = 4.31, p < 0.001) by parental anxiety. Diabetes metabolic control in adolescents with T1D is related to adolescents’ mental health via parents’ anxiety. This means that parents’ anxiety plays a more significant role in the level of HbA1c than the anxiety and depression of the adolescent.
Exploring Variability in Rifampicin Plasma Exposure and Development of Anti-Tuberculosis Drug-Induced Liver Injury among Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis from the Pharmacogenetic Perspective
(2024-03-12) Kivrane, Agnija; Ulanova, Viktorija; Grinberga, Solveiga; Sevostjanovs, Eduards; Viksna, Anda; Ozere, Iveta; Bogdanova, Ineta; Zolovs, Maksims; Ranka, Renate; Research Professor (Tenured Professor) Group at the Faculty of Pharmacy; Department of Infectology; Statistics Unit
Genetic polymorphisms can exert a considerable impact on drug pharmacokinetics (PK) and the development of adverse drug reactions (ADR). However, the effect of genetic polymorphisms on the anti-tuberculosis (anti-TB) drug, and particularly rifampicin (RIF), exposure or anti-TB drug-induced liver injury (DILI) remains uncertain. Here, we evaluated the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) detected in the RIF pharmacogenes ( AADAC, SLCO1B1, SLCO1B3, ABCB1, and NR1I2) and RIF PK parameters, as well as anti-TB treatment-associated DILI. In total, the study enrolled 46 patients with drug-susceptible pulmonary TB. The RIF plasma concentration was measured using the LC-MS/MS method in the blood samples collected pre-dose and 2 and 6 h post-dose, whilst the DILI status was established using the results from blood biochemical analysis performed before and 10-12 days after treatment onset. The genotyping was conducted using a targeted NGS approach. After adjustment for confounders, the patients carrying the rs3732357 GA/AA genotype of the NR1I2 gene were found to have significantly lower RIF plasma AUC 0-6 h in comparison to those with GG genotype, while the difference in RIF plasma C max was insignificant. None of the analyzed SNPs was related to DILI. Hence, we are the first to report NR1I2 intronic SNP rs3732357 as the genetic component of variability in RIF exposure. Regarding anti-TB treatment-associated DILI, the other preexisting factors promoting this ADR should be considered.
Expression of p53, p63, p16, Ki67, Cyclin D, Bcl-2, and CD31 Markers in Actinic Keratosis, In Situ Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Normal Sun-Exposed Skin of Elderly Patients
(2023-12) Balcere, Alise; Sperga, Māris; Čēma, Ingrīda; Lauskis, Gunārs; Zolovs, Maksims; Rone-Kupfere, Māra; Krūmiņa, Angelika; Department of Dermatology and Venereology; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Medicine; Statistics Unit; Department of Infectology
Background: Age and cumulative exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light are primary contributors to skin cancer development. Regulatory proteins within the cell cycle are essential for the homeostasis of squamous epithelium. Methods: This study assessed the expression of immunohistochemical markers p53, p63, p16, Ki67, Cyclin D, Bcl-2, and CD31 in keratinocyte intraepithelial neoplasia (actinic keratosis and squamous cell carcinoma in situ) compared to normal skin. The objective was to distinguish disease-specific changes from those attributable to ageing and sun exposure in elderly skin. Results. Analysis included 22 actinic keratoses (AK), 7 in situ squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), and 8 normal skin biopsies. The mean age was 78.1 years for the AK/SCC group and 73.8 years for controls, with no significant age difference noted between the groups. The AK/SCC group exhibited a higher occurrence of amorphous masses, higher intensity of p53, lower Bcl-2 expression in the epidermis, higher Bcl-2 expression in the dermis, and higher CD31 expression in the dermis, all of which were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The study identifies distinct differences in the presence of amorphous masses and the expression levels of p53, Bcl-2, and CD31 between sun-exposed skin and in situ cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas, including actinic keratoses.
Functional Disability and Brain MRI Volumetry Results among Multiple Sclerosis Patients during 5-Year Follow-Up
(2023-06-04) Strautmane, Sintija; Balodis, Arturs; Teivāne, Agnete; Grabovska, Dagnija; Naudiņš, Edgars; Urbanovics, Daniels; Fišermans, Edgars; Mednieks, Jānis; Flintere-Flinta, Alīna; Priede, Zanda; Millers, Andrejs; Zolovs, Maksims; Department of Radiology; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery; Statistics Unit
Background and Objectives: We aimed to determine the link between brain volumetry results and functional disability calculated using the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) among multiple sclerosis (MS) patients in relation to the provided treatment (disease-modifying therapies (DMTs)) during a 5-year follow-up period. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed enrolling 66 consecutive patients with a confirmed diagnosis of MS, predominantly females (62% (n = 41)). Relapsing–remitting (RR) MS was noted in 92% (n = 61) of patients, with the rest being patients with secondary progressive (SP) MS. The mean age was 43.3 years (SD 8.3 years).
Human Leukocyte Antigen Polymorphism and Blood Biomarker Profiles in Parkinson’s Disease : A Pilot Study in a Latvian Cohort
(2024-12) Minibajeva, Olga; Karelis, Guntis; Zolovs, Maksims; Ķēniņa, Viktorija; Department of Doctoral Studies; Department of Infectology; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery; Statistics Unit; Department of Biology and Microbiology; Institute of Oncology and Molecular Genetics
Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterised by a high prevalence of sporadic cases. Various molecular mechanisms are involved in its pathogenesis. This pilot study aimed to identify potential risk and protective human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles in PD, discover candidate alleles for further research, and evaluate potential blood biomarkers. Methods: A total of 43 PD patients and 79 unrelated sex-matched controls were enrolled in this study. We analysed the polymorphism of HLA-DRB1, HLA-DQA1, and HLA-DQB1 alleles and the blood levels of biomarkers such as S100 calcium-binding protein A9 (S1000A9), kynurenic acid (KYNA), neurofilament light chain (NfL), and glutamate decarboxylase (GAD1). Results: We found that the frequencies of the HLA-DRB1*04, -DQA1*02:01, and -DQA1*03:01 alleles were significantly higher in the PD patients than in the controls, suggesting that these alleles are potential risk factors. Furthermore, the HLA-DQA1*02:01 allele was detected more frequently in the PD group when the disease onset was at 60 years or older. On the contrary, the HLA-DRB1*01 and HLA-DQA1*05:01 alleles were less common in the PD patients, indicating a possible protective effect. Regarding biomarkers, the blood levels of S100 calcium-binding protein A9 were significantly higher, and the kynurenic acid levels were significantly lower in the PD group. The NfL levels were also higher in the PD group but did not reach statistical significance, possibly due to the sensitivity limitations of the ELISA method used. The GAD1 levels showed no significant differences between the two groups. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that the HLA-DRB1*01 and -DRB1*04 alleles and the HLA-DQA1*02:01, -DQA1*03:01, and -DQA1*05:01 alleles are associated with PD. Moreover, S100 calcium-binding protein A9 and kynurenic acid can be considered potential blood biomarkers for PD. These findings contribute to the growing body of knowledge on PD and offer new directions for further research in Latvian cohorts.
Impact of Advanced Platelet-Rich Fibrin on Early Bone Healing After Endodontic Microsurgery : A Randomized Controlled Trial
(2025-02-20) Kārkle, Aleksandra; Neimane, Laura; Zolovs, Maksims; Dambergs, Matīss; Meistere, Dita; Vaškevica, Anete; Slaidiņa, Anda; Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Health; Statistics Unit; Department of Prosthetic Dentistry
Background: Apical surgery can address periapical pathologies when conventional endodontic treatments fail. Advanced platelet-rich fibrin (A-PRF) has emerged as a regenerative material with the potential to enhance healing in periapical surgery. In this study, we evaluated the effect of A-PRF on periapical lesion healing using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: A randomized controlled trial at Rīga Stradiņš University Institute of Stomatology included 43 participants (15 males, 28 females; mean age: 44 years) with periradicular lesions. Participants were divided into experimental and control groups. Baseline and follow-up CBCT imaging assessed lesion volumes at 6 and 12 months post-surgery. Results: Mean lesion volumes significantly decreased from 431.4 mm3 at baseline to 102.8 mm3 at 6 months and 49.2 mm3 at 12 months (p < 0.001). A-PRF did not significantly reduce the lesion sizes compared to the controls (p = 0.043), but was associated with reduced inflammation and enhanced soft tissue healing. Key confounders included gender and baseline lesion volume, with males exhibiting smaller lesion sizes postoperatively. Conclusions: The results suggest that A-PRF may not offer a significant advantage in terms of reducing defect size or improving radiographic resolution.
The Impact of International Nonproprietary Names Integration on Prescribing Reimbursement Medicines for Arterial Hypertension and Analysis of Medication Errors in Latvia
(2022-08-16) Gavrilova, Anna; Zolovs, Maksims; Latkovskis, Gustavs; Urtāne, Inga; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Red Cross Medical College of Rīga Stradiņš University; Statistics Unit
The use of international nonproprietary names (INNs) has been mandatory for prescriptions of state-reimbursed drugs in Latvia since 1 April 2020. In a retrospective analysis, we aimed to examine the impact of the new regulation on changes in the prescribing and dispensing practice of antihypertensive agents with an example of bisoprolol or/and perindopril and their combinations. All state-reimbursed bisoprolol and/or perindopril prescriptions for arterial hypertension were evaluated in two time periods: 1 April 2018 to 31 March 2019 and 1 April 2020 to 31 March 2021. The proportion of INN prescriptions increased from 2.1% to 92.3% ( p < 0.001, φ = 0.903). The rate of fixed-dose combinations (FDCs) increased from 60.8% to 66.5% ( p < 0.001, φ = 0.059). The rate of medication errors was 0.6%. The most common (80.6%) error was that the dispensed medicine dose was larger or smaller than indicated on the prescription. In addition, prescribing an FDC medicine increased the chance of making an error by 2.5 times on average. Regulatory changes dramatically affected the medicine-prescribing habits of INNs. The increase in FDC prescription rates may align with the recommendations of the 2018 ESC/ESH guidelines. The proportion of total errors is estimated as low, but control mechanisms are needed to prevent them.
Long-Term Volumetric Stability of Maxillary Sinus Floor Augmentation Using a Xenograft Bone Substitute and Its Combination with Autologous Bone : A 6+ Year Retrospective Follow-Up Study Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography
(2024-05) Zamure-Damberga, Liene; Radziņš, Oskars; Šalms, Ģirts; Zolovs, Maksims; Bokvalde, Zanda; Neimane, Laura; Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Health; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Medicine; Statistics Unit
Deproteinised bovine bone (DBB) is widely used as bone substitute in maxillary sinus floor augmentation (MSFA) surgery. No previous studies have shown the long-term volumetric changes in the augmented bone when using DBB. The selected patients had MFSA performed using a lateral window technique and a xenograft, alone or in combination with the patient’s autologous bone from the mandible. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were used to compare the volumetric changes in the augmented bone for patients over a period of 6 or more years. No significant bone reduction was seen in the augmented bone region when comparing MSFA after 7 months and 6 or more years after dental implantation.
Management of Pregnancy with Cervical Shortening: Real-Life Clinical Challenges
(2023-03-26) Kornete, Anna; Voložonoka, Ludmila; Zolovs, Maksims; Rota, Adele; Kempa, Inga; Gailīte, Linda; Rezeberga, Dace; Miskova, Anna; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Scientific Laboratory of Molecular Genetics; Statistics Unit
Background and Objectives: Preterm birth is the leading cause of neonatal mortality worldwide and may be responsible for lifelong morbidities in the survivors. Cervical shortening is one of the common pathways to preterm birth associated with its own diagnostic and management challenges. The preventive modalities that have been tested include progesterone supplementation and cervical cerclage and pessaries. The study aimed to assess the management strategies and outcomes in a group of patients with a short cervix during pregnancy or cervical insufficiency. Materials and Methods: Seventy patients from the Riga Maternity Hospital in Riga, Latvia, were included in the prospective longitudinal cohort study between 2017 and 2021. Patients were treated with progesterone, cerclage, and/or pessaries. The signs of intra-amniotic infection/inflammation were assessed, and antibacterial therapy was given when the signs were positive. Results: The rates of PTB were 43.6% (n = 17), 45.5% (n = 5), 61.1% (n = 11), and 50.0% (n = 1) in progesterone only, cerclage, pessary, and cerclage plus pesssary groups, respectively. The progesterone therapy was associated with a reduced preterm birth risk (x2(1) = 6.937, p = 0.008)), whereas positive signs of intra-amniotic infection/inflammation significantly predicted the risk of preterm birth (p = 0.005, OR = 3.82, 95% [CI 1.31–11.11]). Conclusions: A short cervix and bulging membranes, both indicators of intra-amniotic infection/inflammation, are the key risk factors in preterm birth risk predictions. Progesterone supplementation should remain at the forefront of preterm birth prevention. Among patients with a short cervix and especially complex anamnesis, the preterm rates remain high. The successful management of patients with cervical shortening lies between the consensus-based approach for screening, follow-up, and treatment on the one side and personalising medical therapy on the other.
National 30-Day Readmission Trends in IBD 2014-2020 - Are We Aiming for Improvement?
(2024-08-13) Teterina, Irēna; Mirzajanova, Veronika; Mokricka, Viktorija; Zolovs, Maksims; Šmits, Dins; Pokrotnieks, Juris; Department of Pharmacology; Statistics Unit; Department of Public Health and Epidemiology; Department of Internal Diseases
Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) prevalence in Eastern Europe is increasing. The 30-day readmission rate is a crucial quality metric in healthcare, reflecting the effectiveness of initial treatment and the continuity of care post-discharge; however, such parameters are rarely analyzed. The aim of this study was to explore the trends in 30-day readmissions among patients with inflammatory bowel disease in Latvia between 2014 and 2020. Methods: This is a retrospective trends study in IBD-ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease (UC and CD)-patients in Latvia between 2014 and 2020, involving all IBD patients identified in the National Health service database in the International Classification of Diseases-10 (ICD) classification (K50.X and K51.X) and having at least one prescription for IBD diagnoses. We assessed all IBD-related hospitalizations (discharge ICD codes K50X and K51X), as well as hospitalizations potentially related to IBD comorbidities. We analyzed hospitalization trends and obtained the 30 day all-cause readmission rate, disease specific readmission rate and readmission proportion for specific calendar years. Trends in readmissions and the mean length of stay (LOS) for CD and UC were calculated. Results: Despite a decrease in admission rates observed in 2020, the total number of readmissions for CD and UC has increased. Female patients prevailed through the study period and were significantly older than male patients in both the CD and UC groups, p < 0.05. We noted that there was no trend for 30 day all-cause readmission rate for CD ( p > 0.05); however, there was a statistically significant trend for 30 day all-cause readmission for UC patients ( p-trend = 0.018) in the period from 2014 to 2019. There was a statistically significant trend for CD-specific readmission rate ( p < 0.05); however, no statistically significant trend was observed for UC-specific readmission ( p > 0.05). An exploratory analysis did not reveal any statistically significant differences between treated and not-treated IBD patients ( p > 0.05). The increasing trend is statistically significant over the period 2014-2018 ( p < 0.05); however, the trend interrupts in 2020, which can be associated with the COVID-19 global pandemic and the related changes in admission flows where the gastroenterology capacity was reallocated to accommodate increasing numbers of COVID-19 patients. More studies are needed to evaluate the long-term impact of COVID-19 pandemic and 30-day readmissions. No significant dynamics were observed in the mean total hospitalization costs over the 2014-2020 period.
Parity of Calving Influences the Likelihood of Calves Having Cryptosporidium spp.
(2022-03-08) Zolova, Alīna; Keidāne, Dace; Zolovs, Maksims; Statistics Unit
The effect of colostrum on calves’ health status was intensively studied, while the role of transition milk was left underestimated. The common practice is to feed calves with an adequate amount of colostrum immediately after calving and soon after feeding calves are weaned from dams. In this research, calves were not weaned from dams for at least 2 weeks receiving both colostrum and transition milk on demand. Thus, we have recreated natural feeding conditions for calves’ development. We used a stratified sample method to test whether the size of the dairy cattle farms, breed, parity number, season of calving, and length of the dry period affect the likelihood of calves’ infection with Cryptosporidium spp. considering these factors influence both colostrum and transition milk quality. The main results showed that 26.1% of calves were positive for the presence of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts. The presence of clinical signs of diarrhea was recorded in 15% of the positive animals. Regression analysis showed that multiparous cows decrease the chance of calves to have Cryptosporidium spp. by 82%–89%, while cows calved on small farms decrease the chance of calves to have Cryptosporidium spp. by 80%. We suggest that primiparous cows are spending inner resources primarily on their maturation, thereby leaving the prerequisites for the infection of their offspring, while intense farming just increases the chance of unprotected calves to obtain infections.

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