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dc.contributor.authorGroma, Valerija-
dc.contributor.authorTarasovs, Mihails-
dc.contributor.authorSkuja, Sandra-
dc.contributor.authorSemenistaja, Sofija-
dc.contributor.authorNora-Krukle, Zaiga-
dc.contributor.authorSvirskis, Simons-
dc.contributor.authorMurovska, Modra-
dc.date.accessioned2021-01-13T12:34:05Z-
dc.date.available2021-01-13T12:34:05Z-
dc.date.issued2020-
dc.identifier.urihttps://dspace.rsu.lv/jspui/handle/123456789/2894-
dc.description.abstractA direct association between joint inflammation and the progression of osteoarthritis (OA) has been proposed, and synovitis is considered a powerful driver of the disease. Among infections implicated in the development of joint disease, human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7) infection remains poorly characterized. Therefore, we assessed synovitis in OA patients; determined the occurrence and distribution of the HHV-7 antigen within the synovial membrane of OA-affected subjects; and correlated plasma levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and TNF expressed locally within lesioned synovial tissues with HHV-7 observations, suggesting differences in persistent latent and active infection. Synovial HHV-7, CD4, CD68, and TNF antigens were detected immunohistochemically. The plasma levels of TNF and IL-6 were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Our findings confirm the presence of persistent HHV-7 infection in 81.5% and reactivation in 20.5% of patients. In 35.2% of patients, virus-specific DNA was extracted from synovial membrane tissue samples. We evidenced the absence of histopathologically detectable synovitis and low-grade changes in the majority of OA patients enrolled in the study, in both HHV-7 PCR+ and HHV-7 PCR‒ groups. The number of synovial CD4-positive cells in the HHV-7 polymerase chain reaction (PCR)+ group was significantly higher than that in the HHV-7 PCR‒ group. CD4- and CD68-positive cells were differently distributed in both HHV-7 PCR+ and HHV-7 PCR‒ groups, as well as in latent and active HHV-7 infection. The number of TNF+ and HHV-7+ lymphocytes, as well as HHV-7+ vascular endothelial cells, was strongly correlated. Vascular endothelial cells, especially in the case of infection reactivation, appeared vulnerable. The balance between virus latency and reactivation is a long-term relationship between the host and infectious agent, and the immune system appears to be involved in displaying overreaction when a shift in the established equilibrium develops.en_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.relation.ispartofInt. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21(17), 6004; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21176004en_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessen_US
dc.rightsAttribution 4.0 International*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/*
dc.subjectosteoarthritisen_US
dc.subjectsynoviumen_US
dc.subjectcytokinesen_US
dc.subjectHHV-7en_US
dc.subjectPCRen_US
dc.subjectELISAen_US
dc.subjectimmunohistochemistryen_US
dc.titleInflammatory Cytokine-Producing Cells and Inflammation Markers in the Synovium of Osteoarthritis Patients Evidenced in Human Herpesvirus 7 Infectionen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
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