Quantitative Assessment of Signalling Molecules in Humans Interradicular Septum Tissues of Different Age Groups. Summary of the Doctoral Thesis

Abstract

Orthodontic treatment is a combined and often an interdisciplinary process as well, especially it is observed when adult patients are treated. It consists of orthodontic treatment with fixed braces systems and occasionally of periodontal, prosthetic and surgical treatment. Generally orthodontic treatment is started at age 12–14 when the permanent occlusion has formed. Both boys and girls at this age may have different occlusion development phase that is related to the reach of the age of puberty. There is no age limit for orthodontic treatment unless there are conditions that may influence the outcome of the treatment, however, with age regularity exists regarding the duration of the treatment which may have a connection with the factors involved in the remodelling process, their amount and activity. The aim of the study was to determine signalling molecule expression in the alveolar bone and in periodontal tissues in order to substantiate tissue remodelling options in the process of orthodontic treatment depending on age. In the morphologic part of the study 45 patients of different age were included, whose treatment plan envisaged teeth extractions before the commencement of the orthodontic treatment. The patients were divided into 3 groups by 15 patients in each group according to age. The relative frequency of growth factors and their receptors (TGFβ, RANKL, OPG, FGFR1, bFGF), cytokine IL6, extracellular matrix proteins (OC) and extracellular matrix degradation enzymes (MMP8, MMP9) expression, as well as apoptic cell amount in the interradicular septum of patients’ alveolar bone and periodontal ligament were studied and analysed morphologically. Apoptotic cell amount statisticaly significant decrease in human interradicular septum with aging means a reduction of bone remodelation potential. OPG, RANKL, TGFβ and apoptotic cell correlation shows decrease in osteoblastic and osteoclastic activty, bone growth and remodelling according to aging.