Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM): An Overview of Current Therapies

Abstract

Title: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM): An overview of current therapies Aim: Systematic compilation and analysis of literature on current GBM therapies and mechanisms of resistance. Methods: Systematic literature review. The following databases were used for data collection: PubMed, Elsevier, Neuro-oncology research journals, and guidelines. This paper includes approximately 156 literature resources published in the last 50 years that are corresponding to the following keywords: Glioblastoma, Radiotherapy, Chemotherapy, Targeted therapy, Nanotherapy, Immunotherapy. Research issue: Can new treatment strategies cure GBM? Results: Recent advancements in the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme have led to modest prolongation in overall survival for patients, extending their lives from few months to several years depending on the histopathological classification, disease stage, and prior treatment methodologies. However, despite these advancements, there is still no definitive cure for this deadly disease. One of the significant challenges is the tendency for the tumor to reoccur and grow back, necessitating continued research and innovation in treatment modalities. Conclusion: The deadliest tumor type, GBM, still has few available treatment options. Since GBM has numerous signaling pathways and a complex genome, monotherapy is unlikely to be effective. An effective treatment strategy for this deadly disease will require combination therapies targeting different oncogenic pathways. An in-depth understanding of the molecular biology of GBM, the mechanisms underlying therapy resistance, and the successful integration of various therapeutic modalities will be essential for developing effective treatment plan. While chromosomal deletions and histology are crucial for prognostic estimation and tailored treatment planning, imaging can assist with surgical guidance and monitoring treatment response.