The Effects of Nicotine Pouches and E-Cigarettes on Oral Microbes : A Pilot Study
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Date
2024-07-24
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Abstract
It remains uncertain whether nicotine pouches and electronic cigarettes alter the oral environment and result in a high presence of periodontopathogenic bacteria in saliva, compared to that among cigarette users or non-tobacco users. In this study, saliva samples were collected from respondents using nicotine pouches, electronic cigarettes, and conventional cigarettes, alongside a control group of non-tobacco users. Polymerase chain reaction was used to identify clinical isolates of the following periodontal bacteria: Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Prevotella intermedia, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Fusobacterium periodonticum, Porphyromonas endodontalis, and Rothia mucilaginosa. The presence of some periodontal pathogens was detected in the saliva samples from users of nicotine pouches, electronic cigarettes, and conventional cigarettes but not in samples taken from the control group. Therefore, the initial results of this pilot study suggest that the presence of periodontopathogenic bacteria in the saliva of nicotine pouch and electronic cigarette users could alter the oral microbiome, leading to periodontal diseases. However, further quantitative investigation is needed. Keywords: pathogenic mi
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Publisher Copyright: © 2024 by the authors.
Keywords
pathogenic microorganisms, nicotine pouches, electronic cigarettes, Smokeless tobacco, saliva, smokeless tobacco, 3.3 Health sciences, 1.6 Biological sciences, 3.2 Clinical medicine, 1.1. Scientific article indexed in Web of Science and/or Scopus database, Microbiology, Microbiology (medical), Virology
Citation
Miļuna-Meldere, S, Rostoka, D, Broks, R, Vīksne, K, Ciematnieks, R, Skadiņš, I & Kroiča, J 2024, 'The Effects of Nicotine Pouches and E-Cigarettes on Oral Microbes : A Pilot Study', Microorganisms, vol. 12, no. 8, 1514. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12081514