Cilvēks un tehnoloģiskā domāšana: Heidegera skatījums

Abstract

Laura Bitiniece explores “Human Beings and Technological Thinking: Heidegger’s Perspective”. In the course of this article, she focuses on two themes: existence and interrogation of the self, looking at the way humans are (analysing what Heidegger calls existentials, i.e., authenticity, inauthenticity and being-toward-death), and the opposition between freedom and control, or what Heidegger calls technique. The notion of technique is linked to the human need to exploit and subjugate nature, while simultaneously subjugating one’s own freedom. The article concludes with Heidegger’s ideas on how to overcome technical thinking. Heidegger distinguishes between two types of definitions: technique is a means to an end (instrumental definition) and technique is a human activity (anthropological definition). Heidegger proposes to view the nature of technology not only through instrumental and anthropological prisms, but to recognise that technology today is becoming the only environment for man, the environment of the unfolding of being, when everything – self, nature, the world – is seen only through technological perception, technological (un)thinking. Modern technology demands that we reduce everything to resources, which are just waiting to be incorporated into a technological system. What can we do? Is it possible to free ourselves from the technical setting in order, as Heidegger says, to access more original ways of discovery, more original truth? This question is in line with his question about authentic existence in the “Being and Time” stage. Heidegger generally places his hope in art, which can change us, as an alternative way of discovering the world; a way that is more original and closer to human existence. Art is to be thought as the opposite of the tendency to “technologise”, produce and use. Art shows that the world is not just a petrol station. Heidegger stresses that liberation from technique is to be found in the discovery that technique is a mode of discovery. It is as if he were urging us to stop, to suspend our technical, exploitative and applied thinking; to be silent in relation to nature. Not to try and be intrusive. First the silence of thinking, and then to think and be free, in philosophy and art. Just like taking a step back in humanity’s race towards absolute technologisation. Not everything can be done forwards.

Laura Bitiniece rakstā “Cilvēku un tehnoloģiskā domāšana: Heidegera skatījums” pievēršas divām tēmām – esamībai un sevis iztaujāšanai. Autore analizē to, ko Heidegers sauc par eksistenciāļiem, piemēram, fakticitāti, autentiskumu un esamību–uz–nāvi. L. Bitiniece pievēršas pretstatam starp brīvību un kontroli jeb tam, ko Heidegers sauc par tehniku. Tehnikas jēdziens ir saistīts ar cilvēka vajadzību izmantot un pakļaut dabu, vienlaikus pakļaujot arī savu brīvību. Raksta noslēgumā iezīmētas Heidegera piedāvātās idejas tam, kā pārvarēt tehnisko domāšanu.