Foramen transversarium un a.vertebralis izmēri kakla apvidū
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Date
2020
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Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte
Rīga Stradiņš University
Rīga Stradiņš University
Abstract
Ievads. Kakla apvidus anatomiskā uzbūve ir cieši saistīta ar dažādām struktūrām, t.sk. ar a. vertebralis, kas iet caur skriemeļu foramen transversarium. Dotās atveres lielums var būtiski ietekmēt artērijas gaitu un izraisīt nopietnas patoloģijas (Kaya S., 2011). Līdz ar to svarīgi ir izpētīt foramen transversarium izmēru variabilitāti un saprast, kā tie var ietekmēt a. vertebralis funkcijas (Sangari S. K., 2015).
Darba mērķis. Izmērīt foramen transvensarium lielumu un salīdzināt variācijas dažu mugurkaulu kakla daļās. Izpreparēt a. vertebralis uz cadaver, izpētot tās gaitu un garumu pārējā no pars vertebralis uz pars transversaria.
Materiāls un metodes. Pētījumam tika izmantots AAI Morfoloģijas katedras Anatomijas laboratorijas materiāls un J. Prīmaņa Anatomijas muzeja materiāls. Izmantojot cirkuli un lineālu, abās pusēs vairākos mugurkaulos sagitāli un frontāli tika noteikti foramen transversarium lielumi. A. vertebralis gaita tika izsekota uz cadaver, veicot kakla preparēšanu. Darba gaitā tika analizēti dažādi literatūras avoti, izmantojot PubMed, SCOPUS datubāzes un anatomijas atlantus. Pēc elipsa laukuma speciālas formulas tika aprēķināts foramen transversarium kopējais laukums.
Rezultāti. Veicot foramen transversarium mērījumus sagitāli, labās puses iegūtās vērtības variēja robežās no 3,0 mm (C7) līdz 7,4 mm (C6), un vidējais lielums bija 4,9 mm. Kreisās puses foramen transversarium vērtības variēja robežās no 2,0 mm (C7) līdz 7,5 mm (C5), un vidējais lielums bija 4,7 mm. Veicot foramen transversarium mērījumus frontāli, labā pusē iegūtās vērtības variēja robežās no 3,0 mm (C5) līdz 7,7 mm (C5), un vidējais lielums bija 5,5 mm. Kreisā pusē vērtības bija robežās no 2,9 mm (C2) līdz 9,0 mm (C6), un vidējais lielums bija 5,1 mm. Vismazākais foramen transversarium kopējais laukums labā pusē ir C7 kakla skriemelim (18,9 mm2), kreisā pusē – C2 kakla skriemelim (15,13 mm2). Vislielākie foramen transversarium kopējie laukumi abās pusēs bija C6 skriemelim (labā pusē – 26,8 mm2; kreisā pusē – 26,9 mm2). Vidējais kopējais atveres laukums labā pusē bija 21,2 mm2, kreisā pusē – 19,5 mm2. A. vertebralis pēc garuma pārējā no pars vertebralis uz pars transversaria abās pusēs atšķīrās tikai par 1,3 mm.
Secinājumi.
1. Katrai foramen transversarium ir atšķirīgi izmēri un kopējais atveres laukums.
2. Kakla apvidus labās puses atveru iegūtās vērtības bija lielākas salīdzinājumā ar kreiso pusi.
3. A. vertebralis garums pārējā no pars vertebralis uz pars transversaria labā un kreisā pusē bija samērā līdzīgs.
4. Foramen transversarium un a. vertebralis izmēri ir būtiski jāņem vērā atsevišķu hemodinamikas traucējumu izraisīto slimību izpausmē, diagnostikā un ārstēšanā.
Introduction. The anatomical structure of the neck area is closely linked to various structures, including a. vertebralis, which passes through vertebral foramen transversarium (Kaya S., 2011). Therefore, it is important to study the variability in sizes of foramen transversarium and to understand how it can affect a. vertebral functions (Sangari S. K., 2015). Aim of the study. The aim was to measure the size of the foramen transvensarium and compare variations in some parts of the cervical spine. Dissect a. vertebralis on cadaver, studying its course and length in the transition from pars vertebralis to pars transversaria. Materials and Methods. The material of the Anatomy Laboratory of the Department of Morphology and the material of the J. Prīmanis Museum of Anatomy were used for the research. Foramen transversarium sizes were determined sagittally and frontally on both sides of several spines using a pair of compasses and a ruler. The course of A. vertebralis was tracked on the cadaver by dissection of the neck. In this study various literature sources were analyzed using PubMed, SCOPUS databases and anatomical atlases. The total area of the foramen transversarium was calculated according to a special formula of the ellipse area. Results. For foramen transversarium measurements sagittally, the values obtained on the right side varied from 3.0 mm (C7) to 7.4 mm (C6), with a mean value of 4.9 mm. Left side foramen transversarium values ranged from 2.0 mm (C7) to 7.5 mm (C5), with a mean value of 4.7 mm. When measuring the foramen transversarium frontally, the values obtained on the right side varied from 3.0 mm (C5) to 7.7 mm (C5), with a mean value of 5.5 mm. On the left side, the values ranged from 2.9 mm (C2) to 9.0 mm (C6), with a mean value of 5.1 mm. The smallest total area of the foramen transversarium is on the right side of the C7 cervical vertebra (18.9 mm2) and on the left side of the C2 cervical vertebra (15.13 mm2). The largest total area of the foramen transversarium on both sides were for the C6 vertebrae (26.8 mm2 on the right; 26.9 mm2 on the left). The average total opening area on the right side was 21.2 mm2 and on the left side 19.5 mm2. The length of A. vertebralis in the transition from pars vertebralis to pars transversaria differed by only 1.3 mm on both sides. Conclusion. 1. Each foramen transversarium has different sizes and a total opening area. 2. The values obtained for the openings on the right side of the neck were higher compared to the left side. 3. The length of A. vertebralis in the transition from pars vertebralis to pars transversaria on the right side and left side was relatively similar. 4. The sizes of foramen transversarium and a. vertebralis should be taken into account in the manifestation, diagnosis and treatment of certain diseases caused by haemodynamic disorders.
Introduction. The anatomical structure of the neck area is closely linked to various structures, including a. vertebralis, which passes through vertebral foramen transversarium (Kaya S., 2011). Therefore, it is important to study the variability in sizes of foramen transversarium and to understand how it can affect a. vertebral functions (Sangari S. K., 2015). Aim of the study. The aim was to measure the size of the foramen transvensarium and compare variations in some parts of the cervical spine. Dissect a. vertebralis on cadaver, studying its course and length in the transition from pars vertebralis to pars transversaria. Materials and Methods. The material of the Anatomy Laboratory of the Department of Morphology and the material of the J. Prīmanis Museum of Anatomy were used for the research. Foramen transversarium sizes were determined sagittally and frontally on both sides of several spines using a pair of compasses and a ruler. The course of A. vertebralis was tracked on the cadaver by dissection of the neck. In this study various literature sources were analyzed using PubMed, SCOPUS databases and anatomical atlases. The total area of the foramen transversarium was calculated according to a special formula of the ellipse area. Results. For foramen transversarium measurements sagittally, the values obtained on the right side varied from 3.0 mm (C7) to 7.4 mm (C6), with a mean value of 4.9 mm. Left side foramen transversarium values ranged from 2.0 mm (C7) to 7.5 mm (C5), with a mean value of 4.7 mm. When measuring the foramen transversarium frontally, the values obtained on the right side varied from 3.0 mm (C5) to 7.7 mm (C5), with a mean value of 5.5 mm. On the left side, the values ranged from 2.9 mm (C2) to 9.0 mm (C6), with a mean value of 5.1 mm. The smallest total area of the foramen transversarium is on the right side of the C7 cervical vertebra (18.9 mm2) and on the left side of the C2 cervical vertebra (15.13 mm2). The largest total area of the foramen transversarium on both sides were for the C6 vertebrae (26.8 mm2 on the right; 26.9 mm2 on the left). The average total opening area on the right side was 21.2 mm2 and on the left side 19.5 mm2. The length of A. vertebralis in the transition from pars vertebralis to pars transversaria differed by only 1.3 mm on both sides. Conclusion. 1. Each foramen transversarium has different sizes and a total opening area. 2. The values obtained for the openings on the right side of the neck were higher compared to the left side. 3. The length of A. vertebralis in the transition from pars vertebralis to pars transversaria on the right side and left side was relatively similar. 4. The sizes of foramen transversarium and a. vertebralis should be taken into account in the manifestation, diagnosis and treatment of certain diseases caused by haemodynamic disorders.
Description
Medicīna
Medicine
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care
Medicine
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care
Keywords
foramen transversarium, izmēri, a.vertebralis, hemodinamika, foramen transversarium, sizes, a.vertebralis, hemodynamic