Review of Recently Registered and Upcoming Topical Medication for Atopic Dermatitis

Abstract

Atopiskais dermatīts (AD) ir hroniska imūnsistēmas izraisīta ādas slimība, kas izpaužas ar ekzēmas bojājumiem un smagu niezi. AD sastopamība pieaug visā pasaulē, un vislielākā izplatība ir pusaudžiem. AD parasti sākas pirms piektā dzīves gada un saglabājas līdz pieauguša cilvēka vecumam 5% skarto personu. Šajā literatūras pārskatā ar nosaukumu "Literatūras apskats par nesen reģistrētiem un perspektīviem vietējās darbības medikamentiem atopiskā dermatīta ārstēšanai" es sīkāk aplūkoju jaunās un topošās atopiskā dermatīta lokālās ārstēšanas iespējas.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, immune-mediated skin condition that presents with eczematous lesions and severe itching. The incidence of AD is rising globally, with the highest prevalence occurring in adolescents. The onset of AD typically occurs before the fifth year of life and persists into adulthood in 5% of affected individuals. In this literature review titled "Review of recently registered and upcoming topical medication for atopic dermatitis," I took a closer look at the new and emerging topical treatment options for atopic dermatitis. Upon researching this topic, one of the most promising new topical treatment options seemed to be Janus Kinase inhibitors (JAKi). Upon research in journals, etc., I often heard that these medications would be "game-changing" for the appropriate patients. Janus Kinase inhibitors (JAKi) are a type of medication that shows potential in treating atopic dermatitis (AD) by targeting the Janus Kinase (JAK) family of enzymes. JAKs are crucial in the signaling pathways that control immune and inflammatory responses in the body. JAK inhibitors are believed to decrease inflammation , and they have been demonstrated to be effective in alleviating AD symptoms, including itching and the appearance of eczematous lesions. Moreover, JAK inhibitors have been found to be well-tolerated and generally safe, with few notable adverse effects in clinical trials. Despite most of the research being focused on systemic therapies for AD, there are still some new topical compounds currently under development. Promisingly, some of these regimens, like ruxolitinib, have already been approved by the FDA, while others, such as roflumilast (phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor), are in advanced stages of development for mild-to-moderate AD. However, more extensive and longer-term studies are required to evaluate the efficacy and safety of these new compounds and determine their advantages over existing treatments. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the latest information on AD topical treatments and highlight upcoming trends in research. In my research, I focused on the following topics: Janus Kinase inhibitors, Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Modulating Drugs, Inhibitors of Phosphodiesterase 4, Modulating Agents for the Skin's Microbiome, and Innovative Treatments still in the development stage. Overall, there is promising news for patients with atopic dermatitis, as a new range of topical treatments, including JAK inhibitors (JAKi), are on the horizon. These therapies have been designed to target major therapeutic areas and have exhibited both safety and efficacy in various clinical trials. Nevertheless, the replacement of topical corticosteroids (TCS) with a single agent as the gold standard for the majority of patients remains uncertain, as trial responses differ, and the disease exhibits heterogeneity.