Gut Microbiome in Multiple Sclerosis Patients
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Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte
Rīga Stradiņš University
Rīga Stradiņš University
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Multiplā skleroze (MS) ir neiroloģiska slimība, kas galvenokārt skar jaunus cilvēkus, izraisot simptomus, kas būtiski samazina pacientu dzīves kvalitāti. Mūsu zarnu trakts un smadzenes vai nervu sistēma ir anatomiski un metaboliski saistīti. Zarnu mikrobiotai un no mikrobiem iegūtām molekulām ir galvenā loma MS un citu autoimūnu slimību patoģenēzē. Mikrobu terapija var piedāvāt ārstēšanas iespējas, kas atšķiras no pašreizējām standarta terapijas iespējām, tāpēc ir nepieciešams saprast uztura, mikrobiotas un mūsu nervu sistēmas saistību. Zarnas un smadzenes ir savienotas ne tikai ar neiroanatomiskām struktūrām, piemēram, nervus vagus ceļu, bet arī pastāv saistība ar neirotransmiteru un citu bioķīmisko vielu starpniecību. Vērojamas zarnu mikrobiotas atšķirības specifisko baktēriju sastāvā un daudzumā multiplās sklerozes pacientu fekāliju paraugos, salīdzinot ar veseliem indivīdiem. Zarnu mikrobiotas atšķirības var novērot arī dzīvniekiem ar eksperimentāli izraisītu autoimūnu encefalomielītu (EAE), salīdzinājumā ar veseliem dzīvniekiem. No mikrobiem iegūtas molekulas, piemēram SCFA, Lipid 654, TLR2 vai LPS un PG, tieši ietekmē imūnās sistēmas nobriešanu un homeostāzi, tādējādi spēlējot lomu autoimūno slimību un multiplās sklerozes gadījumā. Uztura aspekti, piemēram, no mikrobiem atvasinātas terapijas un probiotiku terapijas, ir uzrādījušas labvēlīgu ietekmi multiplās sklerozes un EAE gadījumā, taču ir vajadzīgi vairāk pētījumu. No mikrobiem iegūtām molekulām ir daudzsološa loma MS nākotnē, tostarp IgA kā biomarķieris un Lipīds 654 kā biomarķieris.
Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory neurologic disease which is mainly affecting young people in the middle of building up their lives leading to symptoms severely reducing patients’ quality of life. Our intestinal tract and brain or nervous system are anatomically and metabolically connected. Constant communication between gut and nervous system takes place for example, via parasympathetic nervous vagus pathway but also via neurotransmitters and other biochemical substances. Gut microbiota and microbial derived molecules are playing a central role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis and other autoimmune diseases. Differences in composition and quantity of specific gut bacteria can be demonstrated in fecal samples of multiple sclerosis patients versus healthy controls. Those differences are additionally shown within animal trials, where different composition of specific bacteria are revealed in animals with experimental induced autoimmune encephalomyelitis compared to healthy animals. Moreover, microbial derived molecules, like short chain fatty acids, Lipid 654, TLR2 or LPS and PG are directly affecting immune maturation and immune homeostasis. Therefore this is another way of how microbiota is playing a role in autoimmune disease and pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Since nutrition and dietary factors are having the major impact on composition of gut microbiota trials examining the effect of dietary behaviour also on multiple sclerosis are arising. There is some evidence that dietary aspects like nutritional factors, microbial derived therapies and probiotic therapies are having beneficial effects in multiple sclerosis and EAE. But more studies would be needed for definitive prove and more evidence collection. Nevertheless, microbial therapy might offer treatment approaches different from current standard therapeutic options in the future, therefore it is necessary to understand the connection of nutrition, microbiota, and our nervous system and invest in further investigation.
Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory neurologic disease which is mainly affecting young people in the middle of building up their lives leading to symptoms severely reducing patients’ quality of life. Our intestinal tract and brain or nervous system are anatomically and metabolically connected. Constant communication between gut and nervous system takes place for example, via parasympathetic nervous vagus pathway but also via neurotransmitters and other biochemical substances. Gut microbiota and microbial derived molecules are playing a central role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis and other autoimmune diseases. Differences in composition and quantity of specific gut bacteria can be demonstrated in fecal samples of multiple sclerosis patients versus healthy controls. Those differences are additionally shown within animal trials, where different composition of specific bacteria are revealed in animals with experimental induced autoimmune encephalomyelitis compared to healthy animals. Moreover, microbial derived molecules, like short chain fatty acids, Lipid 654, TLR2 or LPS and PG are directly affecting immune maturation and immune homeostasis. Therefore this is another way of how microbiota is playing a role in autoimmune disease and pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Since nutrition and dietary factors are having the major impact on composition of gut microbiota trials examining the effect of dietary behaviour also on multiple sclerosis are arising. There is some evidence that dietary aspects like nutritional factors, microbial derived therapies and probiotic therapies are having beneficial effects in multiple sclerosis and EAE. But more studies would be needed for definitive prove and more evidence collection. Nevertheless, microbial therapy might offer treatment approaches different from current standard therapeutic options in the future, therefore it is necessary to understand the connection of nutrition, microbiota, and our nervous system and invest in further investigation.
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Medicīna
Medicine
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care
Medicine
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care
Atslēgas vārdi
“Multiplās sklerozes ārstēšana”, “zarnu-smadzeņu ass”, “zarnu nervu sistēma”, “mikrobiota MS”, “baktēriju samazināšanās MS pacientiem”, “baktēriju palielināšanās MS”, “zarnu mikrobioms MS”, “disbioze MS gadījumā”. MS", "uztura vadlīnijas MS gadījumā", "probiotikas multiplās sklerozes gadījumā", “Multiple sclerosis treatment”, “gut-brain axis”, “enteric nervous system”, “microbiota in MS”, “bacteria decreased in MS patients”, “bacteria increased in MS”, “gut microbiome in MS”, “dysbiosis in MS", "diet guidelines in MS", "probiotics in multiple sclerosis" "microbial derived molecules in MS", “short-chain fatty acids multiple sclerosis”, "paelo diet", "Vitamin D in MS", "Recirculating Intestinal IgA-Producing Cells Regulate Neuroinflammation"