"Mākslīgā intelekta radītā drošības dilemma starp Amerikas Savienotām Valstīm un Ķīnas Tautas Republiku "
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Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte
Rīga Stradiņš University
Rīga Stradiņš University
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Maģistra darba tēma ir “Mākslīgā intelekta radītā drošības dilemma starp Amerikas Savienotām Valstīm un Ķīnas Tautas Republiku”. Maģistra darba aktualitāte ir saistīta ar transformējošo mākslīgā intelekta (turpmāk – MI) tehnoloģiju ietekmi uz starpvalstu konkurenci, karadarbības vešanas formāta un drošības risku uztveres izmaiņām starpvalstu vidē. Maģistra darba mērķis ir izpētīt drošības dilemmas saasināšanās iemeslus MI ietekmē starp Amerikas Savienotām Valstīm (turpmāk – ASV) un Ķīnas Tautas Republiku (turpmāk - ĶTR). Darba hipotēze ir: drošības dilemmas saasinājuma iemesls starp ASV un ĶTR ir MI kā uzbrūkošās tehnoloģijas uztvere.
Pētījuma mērķa sasniegšanai tiek izmantota klasiskā reālisma teorijas un drošības dilemmas koncepta analīze, kam seko MI drošības risku analīze, identificējot aspektus, kam var būt potenciāla ietekme uz drošības dilemmas saasināšanos. Maģistra darba empīriskās izpētes daļā tiek analizēta ASV un ĶTR nacionālās drošības un militāro doktrīnu attīstība attiecībā uz MI 2009.-2024.gadu laikā, tiek izvērtēti ASV un ĶTR MI uztveres aspekti un ar MI saistīto savstarpējo drošības risku un nodomu uztvere. Pētījuma gaitā identificēts uzbrūkošo MI tehnoloģiju pārsvars, kas atspoguļojas paaugstinātā valstu nacionālās drošības ievainojamības un MI ieviešanas neatliekamības uztverē. MI uzbrūkošās tehnoloģijas padara atturēšanas vai preventīvas aizsardzības stratēģijas salīdzinoši dārgas. MI divējāda lietojuma raksturs liecina par nespēju atšķirt starp valstu investīcijām MI uzbrūkošā vai aizsardzības potenciāla vairošanā, kas palielina drošības dilemmas intensitāti. MI tehnoloģiju specifika vairo nedrošību starpvalstu vidē, jo esošie MI aizsardzības instrumenti ātri zaudē efektivitāti, ņemot vērā pretinieka un MI uzbrūkošo tehnoloģiju spēju pielāgoties un mācīties, kas balsta pastāvīga MI spēju vairošanas cikla veidošanos.
ASV un ĶTR nacionālās drošības un militāro doktrīnu attīstība MI kontekstā demonstrē abu valstu pakāpenisku tehnoloģiskā un militārā dominancē balstītā naratīva pastiprināšanos saistībā ar MI kritisko nozīmi valstu nacionālā drošībā, ASV uztverē pieaugot ĶTR draudiem saistībā ar MI pārnesi militārā domēnā. ASV un ĶTR atzīst starpvalstu stratēģiskās konkurences pastiprināšanos līdz ar karadarbības pārnešanu datu un informācijas domēnā. Izpētes gaitā ir identificēti vairāki rādītāji, kas liecina par to, ka ASV un ĶTR drošības dilemmas saasināšanas iemesli ir saistīti ar MI kā uzbrūkošās tehnoloģijas uztveri. Šo rādītāju vidū ir uz paplašināšanos vērstās ASV un ĶTR nacionālās drošības doktrīnas attiecībā uz MI, agrīnās rīcības priekšrocību atzīšana uzbrūkošo MI tehnoloģiju attīstībā, valstu vienpusējas politikas MI spēju attīstībā un ieviešanā, nespēja rast kopīgu dialogu par iespējamo MI bruņošanos kontroli un fokuss uz savstarpējo MI atkarību samazināšanos.
The topic of the master thesis is “The security dilemma created by artificial intelligence between the United States of America and the People’s Republic of China”. The relevance of the study subject is related to the transforming nature of the artificial intelligence (hereinafter – AI) in national security and military domains, its fundamental impact on international security environment, changes in warfare format and perception of security risks. The aim of the master thesis is to research the underlying reasons of the increased intensity of the security dilemma in context of AI between United States of America (hereinafter – USA) and People’s Republic of China (hereinafter – PRC). Hypothesis of the master’s thesis is that the heightened intensity of the security dilemma between USA and PRC is due to the perception of AI technology as offence-dominant. To achieve the aim of the research, the theory of classical realism and concept of security dilemma are examined, followed by identifying AI driven factors that impact intensity of the security dilemma. In the empirical part of the thesis, the transformation of USA and PRC national security and military doctrines during 2009-2024 in context of AI is analysed, followed by the analysis of USA and PRC perceptions of AI technology and mutual AI related security risks. Offense-dominant nature of AI leads to heightened perceived vulnerability of states and a sense of urgency to integrate AI in national defense and military operations despite of its unpredictability and early-stage development risks. Offense-dominant AI environment reduces deterrence and preventive defense capabilities. Inability to distinguish between offense and defense AI capacities, its rapid adaptation, developing speed, magnitude and number of offensive AI attacks increases interstate insecurity and intensifies security dilemma. USA and PRC define AI as a critical national defense asset. USA and PRC technological and military dominance AI narrative intensifies. The analysis suggests that the USA doctrine development is reactive, responding to increasing perceived PRC AI threats and PRC military-civil fusion policies. Transfer of conventional warfare to information and data domain intensifies strategic competition in perception of USA and PRC. Both states pursue expansionary AI national defense policies, admit first-mover advantage in development of offense AI capabilities and implement unitary policies in AI development. Despite of the mutually admitted AI perceived security risks, the states are not able to shape common dialogue in AI governance and arms control, as they seek reducing mutual dependencies. These factors support the hypothesis of the perception of AI technology as offense-dominant that heightens security dilemma between USA and PRC.
The topic of the master thesis is “The security dilemma created by artificial intelligence between the United States of America and the People’s Republic of China”. The relevance of the study subject is related to the transforming nature of the artificial intelligence (hereinafter – AI) in national security and military domains, its fundamental impact on international security environment, changes in warfare format and perception of security risks. The aim of the master thesis is to research the underlying reasons of the increased intensity of the security dilemma in context of AI between United States of America (hereinafter – USA) and People’s Republic of China (hereinafter – PRC). Hypothesis of the master’s thesis is that the heightened intensity of the security dilemma between USA and PRC is due to the perception of AI technology as offence-dominant. To achieve the aim of the research, the theory of classical realism and concept of security dilemma are examined, followed by identifying AI driven factors that impact intensity of the security dilemma. In the empirical part of the thesis, the transformation of USA and PRC national security and military doctrines during 2009-2024 in context of AI is analysed, followed by the analysis of USA and PRC perceptions of AI technology and mutual AI related security risks. Offense-dominant nature of AI leads to heightened perceived vulnerability of states and a sense of urgency to integrate AI in national defense and military operations despite of its unpredictability and early-stage development risks. Offense-dominant AI environment reduces deterrence and preventive defense capabilities. Inability to distinguish between offense and defense AI capacities, its rapid adaptation, developing speed, magnitude and number of offensive AI attacks increases interstate insecurity and intensifies security dilemma. USA and PRC define AI as a critical national defense asset. USA and PRC technological and military dominance AI narrative intensifies. The analysis suggests that the USA doctrine development is reactive, responding to increasing perceived PRC AI threats and PRC military-civil fusion policies. Transfer of conventional warfare to information and data domain intensifies strategic competition in perception of USA and PRC. Both states pursue expansionary AI national defense policies, admit first-mover advantage in development of offense AI capabilities and implement unitary policies in AI development. Despite of the mutually admitted AI perceived security risks, the states are not able to shape common dialogue in AI governance and arms control, as they seek reducing mutual dependencies. These factors support the hypothesis of the perception of AI technology as offense-dominant that heightens security dilemma between USA and PRC.
Description
Starptautiskās attiecības un diplomātija
International Relations and Diplomacy
Socioloģija, politoloģija un antropoloģija
Sociology, Politics and Anthropology
International Relations and Diplomacy
Socioloģija, politoloģija un antropoloģija
Sociology, Politics and Anthropology