Advantages and disadvantages of endoscopic and open approaches in the surgical treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome
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Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte
Rīga Stradiņš University
Rīga Stradiņš University
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IEVADS: Karpālā kanāla sindroms ir viena no visbiežāk sastopamām perifērajām neiropātijām pasaulē. To var ārstēt konservatīvi vai ķirurģiski. Pastāv dažādi karpālā kanāla sindroma ķirurģiskās ārstēšanas varianti.
MĒRĶIS: Izveidot analītisku pārskatu par endoskopiskās un atvērtās karpālā kanāla operācijas priekšrocībām un trūkumiem un salīdzināt abas metodes.
METODOLOĢIJA: Tika apkopoti un pārskatīti 60 literatūras avoti. No tiem 53 bija medicīnas raksti, tostarp meta-analīzes (MA), randomizēti kontrolēti pētījumi (RKP), kohortas pētījumi un šķērsgriezuma pētījumi. Iekļautie literatūras avoti ietver dažādus pierādījuma līmeņus: no sistemātiskiem pārskatiem līdz prospektīviem klīniskiem pētījumiem, nodrošinot visaptverošu pieeju. Papildus tika iekļautas 7 grāmatas un grāmatu sadaļas, lai nodrošinātu dziļāku izpratni par karpālā kanāla sindromu. Darbā iekļautie pētījumi un raksti ir no 2000. gadu sākuma līdz 2024. gadam, nodrošinot aktuālus ieskatus, ar īpašu uzmanību pēdējo 5 gadu publikācijām. Lielākā daļa avotu tika atrasta caur PubMed datubāzi, un tajos iekļautā informācija tika validēta, salīdzinot ar plaši izmantotiem, uz pierādījumiem balstītās medicīnas portāliem kā Cochrane un UpToDate.
REZULTĀTI: Gan atvērtā karpālā kanāla operācija, gan endoskopiskā karpālā kanāla operācija ir līdzīgi veiksmīgas terapijas iespējas karpālā kanāla sindromam. Tās atšķiras īstermiņā tieši pēc operācijas, bet ilgtermiņā dod līdzīgus rezultātus. Sakarā ar mazāk invazīvo endoskopiskās pieejas operatīvo metodi, atveseļošanās ir ātrāka pirmajās pēcoperācijas nedēļās. Atvērtā ķirurģiskā pieeja var tikt veikta pat tad, ja anatomiskie apstākļi atšķiras. Reoperācija biežāk ir nepieciešama endoskopiskajā ķirurģijā – ierobežotas redzamības dēļ, kas noved pie nepilnīgas karpālās saites atbrīvošanas. Iegriezuma lielums un rētaudu veidošanās apjoms ir lielāks atvērtajā karpālā kanāla operācijā, tādēļ tas saistīts ar augstāku infekciju biežumu un ar rētu dzīšanu saistītām problēmām.
SECINĀJUMI: Abas ķirurģiskās pieejas demonstrē vienādus ilgtermiņa rezultātus. Abām metodēm ir priekšrocības un trūkumi, tomēr neviena no tām nevar aizstāt otru. Tradicionālā atvērtā pieeja tiek veikta tiešā redzamībā un var tikt veikta anatomisko variāciju klātbūtnē. Ar tiešu redzamību pastāv nepilnīgas karpālās šķērsvirziena saites atbrīvošanas risks, un tādējādi pastāv lielāks operācijas mērķa nesasniegšanas risks.
BACKGROUND: Carpal tunnel syndrome is one of the most common peripheral neuropathies in the population. It can be treated conservatively or surgically. However, there are different approaches in surgical techniques. AIM: To compile an analytical overview of advantages and disadvantages for endoscopic carpal tunnel and open carpal tunnel surgery and compare them. METHODOLOGY: A total of 60 sources were gathered and reviewed. Of these, 53 were medical articles, including a mix of meta-analyses (MAs), randomized controlled trials (RCTs), cohort studies, and cross-sectional studies. The articles ranged from systematic reviews to prospective clinical trials, ensuring a comprehensive approach. Additionally, 7 books and book chapters were included for a broader foundational understanding of carpal tunnel syndrome. The studies and articles span a time frame from the early 2000s to 2024, ensuring up-to-date insights, with a particular focus on the most recent publications from the last 5 years to maintain relevance. Most of these sources were accessed through PubMed, and their findings were validated by comparison with widely used evidence-based medicine portals worldwide, such as Cochrane and UpToDate. KEY RESULTS: Open carpal tunnel surgery as well as endoscopic carpal tunnel surgery are similarly successful therapy options for carpal tunnel syndrome. They differ in short term periods right after the operation but yield the same results in the long term. Due to the less invasive operative method of the endoscopic approach, recovery seems to be quicker in the first postoperative weeks. The open surgical approach can be performed even if the given anatomical circumstances vary. Reoperation is more often needed in endoscopic surgery due to restricted vision leading to the incomplete release of the transverse ligament. Incision size and the amount of scar tissue formation is greater in the open surgery for carpal tunnel and therefore connected with higher infection rates and scar related problems. CONCLUSIONS: Both surgical approaches display the same long-term results. Both having advantages and disadvantages, however, none of them could replace the other. The traditional open approach operates under direct vision and can be performed in the presence of anatomical variants. With direct vision, the risk of incompletely releasing the transverse ligament, and therefore not reaching the goal of the operation, is more unlikely.
BACKGROUND: Carpal tunnel syndrome is one of the most common peripheral neuropathies in the population. It can be treated conservatively or surgically. However, there are different approaches in surgical techniques. AIM: To compile an analytical overview of advantages and disadvantages for endoscopic carpal tunnel and open carpal tunnel surgery and compare them. METHODOLOGY: A total of 60 sources were gathered and reviewed. Of these, 53 were medical articles, including a mix of meta-analyses (MAs), randomized controlled trials (RCTs), cohort studies, and cross-sectional studies. The articles ranged from systematic reviews to prospective clinical trials, ensuring a comprehensive approach. Additionally, 7 books and book chapters were included for a broader foundational understanding of carpal tunnel syndrome. The studies and articles span a time frame from the early 2000s to 2024, ensuring up-to-date insights, with a particular focus on the most recent publications from the last 5 years to maintain relevance. Most of these sources were accessed through PubMed, and their findings were validated by comparison with widely used evidence-based medicine portals worldwide, such as Cochrane and UpToDate. KEY RESULTS: Open carpal tunnel surgery as well as endoscopic carpal tunnel surgery are similarly successful therapy options for carpal tunnel syndrome. They differ in short term periods right after the operation but yield the same results in the long term. Due to the less invasive operative method of the endoscopic approach, recovery seems to be quicker in the first postoperative weeks. The open surgical approach can be performed even if the given anatomical circumstances vary. Reoperation is more often needed in endoscopic surgery due to restricted vision leading to the incomplete release of the transverse ligament. Incision size and the amount of scar tissue formation is greater in the open surgery for carpal tunnel and therefore connected with higher infection rates and scar related problems. CONCLUSIONS: Both surgical approaches display the same long-term results. Both having advantages and disadvantages, however, none of them could replace the other. The traditional open approach operates under direct vision and can be performed in the presence of anatomical variants. With direct vision, the risk of incompletely releasing the transverse ligament, and therefore not reaching the goal of the operation, is more unlikely.
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Medicīna
Medicine
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care
Medicine
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care