Reģionālo faktoru nozīme ASV un ĶTR mijiedarbībā Kubā un Venecuēlā no 2013.-2021.gadam
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Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte
Rīga Stradiņš University
Rīga Stradiņš University
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Bakalaura darba tēma ir “Reģionālo faktoru nozīme ASV un ĶTR mijiedarbībā Kubā un Venecuēlā no 2013.-2021.gadam”. Latīņamerikas reģions ir kļuvis par vienu no centrālajiem ASV un ĶTR konfrontācijas punktiem, abām lielvarām tiecoties pēc savas ietekmes palielināšanas tajā. Neskatoties uz to, ka ĶTR klātbūtne reģionā ir novērojama jau no 2000.gadu sākuma, tikai ASV prezidenta B. Obamas otrās prezidentūras laikā, kad ĶTR jau bija sevi parādījusi kā ekonomikas lielvaru, varēja novērot ASV retorikas maiņu, uzskatot ĶTR par draudu reģiona valstīm. Vairākās reģiona valstīs ir attīstījusies īpaši aktīva anti-amerikānisma politika, taču galvenās šīs politikas izplatītājas ir autoritārās valstis Kuba un Venecuēla, kuras savu režīmu dēļ ir sankcionētas un izolētas no ASV puses, kas cenšas šos režīmus gāzt. Šī iemesla dēļ, tiek uzskatīts, ka ĶTR ir vienīgā, kas nodrošina šo režīmu dzīvotspēju un uztur tos, kas rada konfrontāciju starp abām valstīm.
Darba mērķis ir analizēt reģionālo faktoru nozīmi ASV un ĶTR mijiedarbībā Kubā un Venecuēlā no 2013.gada līdz 2021.gadam. To pildot, tiek pārbaudīta hipotēze, ka Kubas un Venecuēlas autoritārie režīmi ir galvenie ASV un ĶTR sāncensības virzītāji Latīņamerikas reģionā. Darbā tiek izmantota kvalitatīvā pētījuma metode dokumentu analīze, izmantojot dokumentus, runas un ziņojumus no ASV, ĶTR, Kubas un Venecuēlas valdības institūcijām. Darba pirmajā nodaļā tiek apskatīta neoreālisma teorija, fokusējoties uz starptautiskās sistēmas ietekmi uz valstu mijiedarbību un spēju sadalījuma nozīmi valsts interešu veidošanā. Otrajā nodaļā tiek sniegts ieskats ASV attiecībās ar Kubu un Venecuēlu, kam seko ieskats ĶTR attiecībās ar abām autoritārajām valstīm. Trešajā nodaļā tiek, pirmkārt, identificēti reģionālie faktori, kas ietekmē ASV un ĶTR mijiedarbību Latīņamerikā, un tad, tie ir pielietoti, lai analizētu lielvaru mijiedarbību tieši Kubā un Venecuēlā. Analīzes rezultātā tiek secināts, ka ekonomiskās intereses, pārvaldības īpatnības, drošība un vēsturiskā pieredze ir galvenie faktori, kas ietekmē ASV un ĶTR mijiedarbību Kubā un Venecuēlā. Tie ir izveidojuši nepieciešamību lielvarām konkurēt par ietekmi valstīs, tajā pašā laikā novietojot ASV neizdevīgā situācijā. Neskatoties uz to, var izcelt vienu faktoru- pārvaldības īpatnības- kā galveno mijiedarbības virzītāju, kas tālāk pakārto gan ekonomiskās intereses, gan arī drošību un citus faktorus.
The title of the bachelor’s thesis is “The Effect of Regional Factors on the Interactions Between USA and PRC in Cuba and Venezuela from 2013 to 2021”. The region of Latin America has become one of the central points of confrontation between USA and PRC, where both powers strive to increase their influence. Even though PRC started increasing engagement with Latin American states in the early 2000’s only during the second presidency of B. Obama USA’s rhetoric towards PRC changed and the state was viewed as a threat to the region. Many Latin American states have started to engage in an active anti-American policy, the main disseminators of this policy are authoritarian states- Cuba and Venezuela- that have been sanctioned and isolated by USA, with the main goal of overthrowing these regimes. PRC is now considered the main supporter and financer of these regimes, which has caused a confrontation between both great powers. The aim of the thesis is to analyze the effect of regional factors on interactions between USA and PRC in Cuba and Venezuela in the time frame between 2013 and 2021. The proposed hypothesis the authoritarian regimes of Cuba and Venezuela are the main drivers of competition between USA and PRC in Latin America. The author has used qualitative research method document analysis, using documents, speeches, and remarks. The first chapter examines neorealism international relations theory, focusing on the influence of the international system on the interactions between states and the distribution of power. In the second chapter an overview of USA’s and PRC’s relations with Cuba and Venezuela is provided. In the third chapter the author identifies regional factors that influence interactions between USA and PRC in Latin America and uses them to analyze the interactions between both powers in Cuba and Venezuela. It is concluded that economic interests, governance specificities, security and historical experience are the main regional factors that influence USA’s and PRC’s interactions in Cuba and Venezuela. They have created the need for both great powers to compete for influence in these states, while at the same time placing USA at a disadvantage. Nevertheless, governance specificities can be singled out as the main driver of the interactions, which further determines economic interests as well as security and other factors.
The title of the bachelor’s thesis is “The Effect of Regional Factors on the Interactions Between USA and PRC in Cuba and Venezuela from 2013 to 2021”. The region of Latin America has become one of the central points of confrontation between USA and PRC, where both powers strive to increase their influence. Even though PRC started increasing engagement with Latin American states in the early 2000’s only during the second presidency of B. Obama USA’s rhetoric towards PRC changed and the state was viewed as a threat to the region. Many Latin American states have started to engage in an active anti-American policy, the main disseminators of this policy are authoritarian states- Cuba and Venezuela- that have been sanctioned and isolated by USA, with the main goal of overthrowing these regimes. PRC is now considered the main supporter and financer of these regimes, which has caused a confrontation between both great powers. The aim of the thesis is to analyze the effect of regional factors on interactions between USA and PRC in Cuba and Venezuela in the time frame between 2013 and 2021. The proposed hypothesis the authoritarian regimes of Cuba and Venezuela are the main drivers of competition between USA and PRC in Latin America. The author has used qualitative research method document analysis, using documents, speeches, and remarks. The first chapter examines neorealism international relations theory, focusing on the influence of the international system on the interactions between states and the distribution of power. In the second chapter an overview of USA’s and PRC’s relations with Cuba and Venezuela is provided. In the third chapter the author identifies regional factors that influence interactions between USA and PRC in Latin America and uses them to analyze the interactions between both powers in Cuba and Venezuela. It is concluded that economic interests, governance specificities, security and historical experience are the main regional factors that influence USA’s and PRC’s interactions in Cuba and Venezuela. They have created the need for both great powers to compete for influence in these states, while at the same time placing USA at a disadvantage. Nevertheless, governance specificities can be singled out as the main driver of the interactions, which further determines economic interests as well as security and other factors.
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Starptautiskās attiecības - Eiropas studijas
International Relations - European Studies
Socioloģija, politoloģija un antropoloģija
Sociology, Politics and Anthropology
International Relations - European Studies
Socioloģija, politoloģija un antropoloģija
Sociology, Politics and Anthropology