Melnkalnes iekšpolitisko un ārpolitisko faktoru ietekme uz integrācijas procesu Eiropas Savienībā, periodā no 2016.-2024.gadam
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Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte
Rīga Stradiņš University
Rīga Stradiņš University
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Bakalaura darba tēma ir: Melnkalnes iekšpolitisko un ārpolitisko faktoru ietekme uz
integrācijas procesu Eiropas Savienībā, periodā no 2016.-2024.gadam. Darba aktualitāte saistās
ar Eiropas Savienības paplašināšanos un stabilitātes, kā arī miera nodrošināšanu Rietumbalkānu
reģionā. Melnkalnes iestāšanās ES kopumā ilgst jau 16 gadus, kas norāda uz izteiktām politikas
pielāgošanas problēmām. Sekmīgai integrācijas procesa panākšanai, ir nepieciešams pielāgot savu
politiku ES acquis likumu kopumam. Melnkalne saskaras ar būtiskām iekšpolitiskām problēmām, pie
kurām var pieskaitīt ekonomikas attīstību, nepieciešamību pēc sakārtotas likumdošanas, kā arī
demokrātijas veicināšanas problemātika un politiskās elites nepietiekama nomaiņa. Savu neatkarību
no Serbijas, Melnkalne ieguva 2006.gadā, kas norāda uz to, ka valstī ir klātesoša arī Serbijas ietekme
un serbu vērtības. Kā ārpolitiskie ietekmējošie faktori, šajā darbā tika izvēlēta Krievijas ietekme
reģionā, kā arī Serbijas un Melnkalnes divpusējās attiecības. Darbā izvirzītais mērķis: Noskaidrot,
kāda ir Melnkalnes iekšpolitisko un ārpolitisko faktoru ietekme uz valsts integrācijas procesu Eiropas
Savienībā, periodā no 2016.-2024.gadam.
Darbā tiks izmantota neoklasiskā reālisma teorija, lai iekļautu gan iekšpolitisko, gan arī
ārpolitisko faktoru analīzi. Darbā ir izvirzīta hipotēze, ka Melnkalnes integrācijas procesu ES būtiski
ietekmē propaganda no Krievijas puses, kā viens no ārpolitiskajiem faktoriem. Kopumā darbs sastāv
no trīs nodaļām un secinājumiem. Pirmajā darba nodaļa ir sniegts ieskats neoklasiskā reālisma teorijas
ietvarā. Otrajā darba nodaļā tiek apskatīts Melnkalnes integrācijas procesa novērtējums caur Eiropas
Komisijas ikgadējiem izdotajiem ziņojumiem. Tāpat otrajā nodaļā tiek sniegts ieskats uz jau
sasniegtajiem mērķiem integrācijas procesā. Darba trešajā nodaļā tiek veikta padziļināta analīze par
izvirzītajiem iekšpolitiskajiem un ārpolitiskajiem faktoriem un noteikta to ietekme uz integrācijas
procesu.
Darbā secināts, ka Melnkalnes būtiskākā problēma ir iekšpolitiskas situācijas sadrumstalotība.
Lai virzītu integrācijas procesu, ir nepieciešams stiprināt politisko dialogu un noteikt vienotu lēmumu
pieņemšanas kārtību, lai tiktu primāri ņemti vērā galvenie problemātiskie jautājumi. Iekšpolitiskās
elites sadrumstalotība atspoguļojas ārpolitisko stratēģiju nepietiekamā virzībā. Būtiski tiek izceltas
likumdošanas problēmas, kas neatbilst ES acquis un iestāšanās procesā atvērtā 23. un 24.sarunu
sadaļa, kas ietver cilvēktiesību jautājumus, kā arī korupcijas apkarošanu. Attiecības ar Krieviju, darba
rezultātā, tiek raksturotas kā diezgan vienpusējas un Melnkalne vairākkārtēji pierādījusi savu nostāju
pret Krievijas agresiju Ukrainā. Attiecībās ar Serbiju liela nozīme ir Serbijas Pareizticīgajai baznīcai,
kas arī tiek iesaistīta politiskajos procesos un tā rada etnisko šķelšanos sabiedrības vidū.
The topic of this bachelor’s thesis is the impact of Montenegro's domestic and foreign policy factors on the integration process into the European Union during the period from 2016 to 2024. The relevance of this research lies in the context of EU enlargement and the ongoing efforts to ensure stability and peace in the Western Balkans. Montenegro's EU accession process has already lasted 16 years, indicating persistent difficulties in aligning national policies with EU standards. Effective integration requires full adaptation to the EU acquis. Montenegro faces significant domestic challenges, such as the need for stronger economic development, relevant legislation, enhanced democratic governance, and a more dynamic renewal of the political elite. Since gaining independence from Serbia in 2006, the country has remained under visible Serbian influence, including the presence of Serbian values. In this thesis, the selected foreign policy factors include the influence of Russia in the region and bilateral relations between Serbia and Montenegro. The aim of the thesis is to determine how these domestic and foreign policy factors have influenced Montenegro's EU integration process during the selected period. The theoretical framework is based on neoclassical realism, which enables the analysis of both internal and external political factors. The hypothesis of the thesis is that Montenegro's integration process is significantly affected by Russian propaganda, identified as one of the key external influences. The thesis is structured into three chapters and a conclusion. The first chapter presents the theoretical background of neoclassical realism. The second chapter evaluates Montenegro’s EU integration progress through annual European Commission reports and assesses already achieved objectives. The third chapter offers a deeper analysis of the identified domestic and foreign policy factors and their concrete impact on the integration process. The research concludes that the fragmentation of Montenegro’s internal political environment is the most critical obstacle to progress. Advancing the integration process requires stronger political dialogue and a more unified decision-making framework focused on resolving core challenges. The fragmentation of the domestic political elite negatively affects the effectiveness of the country’s foreign policy strategies. Significant issues are highlighted in the legal framework, which remains inconsistent with EU acquis, particularly in Chapters 23 and 24 that cover human rights and anti- corruption measures. Montenegro’s relations with Russia are found to be largely one-sided, with the country repeatedly expressing opposition to Russia's aggression in Ukraine. In its relations with Serbia, the Serbian Orthodox Church plays a substantial role, actively participating in political processes and contributing to ethnic divisions within Montenegrin society.
The topic of this bachelor’s thesis is the impact of Montenegro's domestic and foreign policy factors on the integration process into the European Union during the period from 2016 to 2024. The relevance of this research lies in the context of EU enlargement and the ongoing efforts to ensure stability and peace in the Western Balkans. Montenegro's EU accession process has already lasted 16 years, indicating persistent difficulties in aligning national policies with EU standards. Effective integration requires full adaptation to the EU acquis. Montenegro faces significant domestic challenges, such as the need for stronger economic development, relevant legislation, enhanced democratic governance, and a more dynamic renewal of the political elite. Since gaining independence from Serbia in 2006, the country has remained under visible Serbian influence, including the presence of Serbian values. In this thesis, the selected foreign policy factors include the influence of Russia in the region and bilateral relations between Serbia and Montenegro. The aim of the thesis is to determine how these domestic and foreign policy factors have influenced Montenegro's EU integration process during the selected period. The theoretical framework is based on neoclassical realism, which enables the analysis of both internal and external political factors. The hypothesis of the thesis is that Montenegro's integration process is significantly affected by Russian propaganda, identified as one of the key external influences. The thesis is structured into three chapters and a conclusion. The first chapter presents the theoretical background of neoclassical realism. The second chapter evaluates Montenegro’s EU integration progress through annual European Commission reports and assesses already achieved objectives. The third chapter offers a deeper analysis of the identified domestic and foreign policy factors and their concrete impact on the integration process. The research concludes that the fragmentation of Montenegro’s internal political environment is the most critical obstacle to progress. Advancing the integration process requires stronger political dialogue and a more unified decision-making framework focused on resolving core challenges. The fragmentation of the domestic political elite negatively affects the effectiveness of the country’s foreign policy strategies. Significant issues are highlighted in the legal framework, which remains inconsistent with EU acquis, particularly in Chapters 23 and 24 that cover human rights and anti- corruption measures. Montenegro’s relations with Russia are found to be largely one-sided, with the country repeatedly expressing opposition to Russia's aggression in Ukraine. In its relations with Serbia, the Serbian Orthodox Church plays a substantial role, actively participating in political processes and contributing to ethnic divisions within Montenegrin society.
Description
Starptautiskās attiecības - Eiropas studijas
International Relations - European Studies
Socioloģija, politoloģija un antropoloģija
Sociology, Politics and Anthropology
International Relations - European Studies
Socioloģija, politoloģija un antropoloģija
Sociology, Politics and Anthropology