Simptomātiska Cavum Septum Pellucidum un Cavum Vergae cista: Gadījuma apraksts
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Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte
Rīga Stradiņš University
Rīga Stradiņš University
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Cavum septum pellucidum (CSP) un cavum vergae (CV) ir anatomiski attīstības varianti,
kas sastopami lielākajai daļai jaundzimušo un spontāni aizveras 3 – 6 mēnešu vecumā. Atsevišķos
un retos gadījumos šie dobumi var saglabāties arī pēc zīdaiņa vecuma - bērnībā, pusaudža gados
vai pat pieaugušā vecumā. Ja šīs dobumveida struktūras patoloģiski palielinās, tās tiek klasificētas
kā cistas, taču mehānismi, kas veicina šo paplašināšanos, joprojām nav pilnībā izprasti.
20 gadus jauns vīrietis vērsās pēc medicīniskās palīdzības, sūdzoties par pakāpeniski
progresējošām galvassāpēm un reiboņiem vairāku mēnešu garumā. Pirms 12 gadiem veiktajā
galvas datortomogrāfijā tika konstatēta CSP un CV anatomiskā attīstības variācija bez cistas
veidošanās vai smadzeņu vēderiņu paplašināšanās pazīmēm. Tomēr pašreizējie attēldiagnostikas
izmeklējumi atklāja CSP un CV cistu, kas izraisīja obstruktīvu hidrocefāliju. Magnētiskās
rezonanses izmeklējums apstiprināja progresējošu cistas palielināšanos un tai sekojošu Monro
atveres gandrīz pilnīgu nosegšanu.
CSP un CV cistu etioloģija joprojām nav līdz galam skaidra, tomēr literatūras izpētes, kā
arī gadījuma apraksta laikā tika secināts, ka viens no iespējamajiem cistas attīstību veicinošajiem
faktoriem varētu būt viegls perinatāls bojājums. Lai gan tieša cēloņsakarība vēl nav pierādīta, šāda
veida bojājumi varētu ietekmēt smadzeņu struktūras un veicināt cistu attīstību ilgtermiņā.
Lielākā daļa autoru kā pirmās izvēles ārstēšanas metodi iesaka endoskopisku cistas
fenestrāciju caur frontālu nelielu caurumu (burr-hole), izmantojot neironavigāciju, apejot tādas
metodes kā šuntēšana, atvērtā operācija un stereotaktiskā fenestrācija. Neatkarīgi no ķirurģiskās
pieejas vietas, autori ir vienisprātis par ārstēšanas metodes efektivitāti. Šī ķirurģiskā pieeja izrādījās
ļoti veiksmīga arī šajā klīniskajā gadījumā, jo pēc operācijas pacientam pilnībā izzuda
hidrocefālijas simptomi un tika panākta būtiska vispārējā stāvokļa uzlabošanās.
Salīdzinot šo klīnisko gadījumu ar citiem literatūrā pieejamajiem, var secināt, ka literatūrā
nav dokumentētu piemēru, kuros būtu iespējams CSP un CV cistas attīstību novērot dinamikā, kas
padara šo gadījumu par retu un vērtīgu.
Literatūras apskata izstrādei informācija tika meklēta dažādās elektroniskajās datu bāzēs,
tostarp brīvpieejas un RSU abonētajās datubāzēs, piemēram, ClinicalKey, PubMed, ScienceDirect
un AccessMedicine. Literatūras atlasei tika izmantoti šādi atslēgvārdi, gan atsevišķi, gan
kombinācijās: cavum septum pellucidum, cavum vergae, cista, hidrocefālija, anatomiskas
variācijas, endoskopiska fenestrācija u.c.
Cavum septum pellucidum (CSP) and cavum vergae (CV) are anatomical variations that are present in most newborns and spontaneously close between 3 to 6 months of age. In exceptional rare cases, these cavities may persist beyond infancy into childhood, adolescence, or even adulthood. When these cavities enlarge abnormally, they are classified as cysts. The underlying mechanisms driving this expansion remain poorly understood. A 20-year-old male presented with progressively worsening symptoms over several months, including persistent headaches and dizziness. A CT scan performed 12 years earlier had identified a developmental variant without any evidence of cyst formation or ventricular enlargement. However, current imaging revealed CSP and CV cyst contributing to obstructive hydrocephalus. MRI confirmed progressive cyst enlargement and obstruction of the foramen of Monro. The etiology of CSP and CV cysts is still not entirely clear, but based on the literature review and case description, it was concluded that one possible contributing factor to cyst development could be a mild perinatal injury. Although direct causality has not been proven, such injuries may affect brain structures and contribute to cyst formation in the long term. Most authors recommend endoscopic cyst fenestration through a small frontal burr hole, using neuronavigation, as the first-choice treatment, bypassing methods like shunting, open surgery, and stereotactic fenestration. Regardless of the approach, authors agree on the effectiveness of this treatment method. This surgical approach was also highly successful in this clinical case, as the patient experienced complete resolution of hydrocephalus symptoms post- surgery, along with significant improvement in overall condition. Comparing this clinical case with other available literature, it can be concluded that there are no documented examples in the literature where the dynamic development of CSP and CV cysts has been observed, which makes this case rare and valuable. For this literature review, sources were searched across various electronic databases, including open-access platforms and RSU-subscribed databases such as ClinicalKey, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and AccessMedicine. The literature search was conducted using the following keywords, both individually and in combination: cavum septum pellucidum, cavum vergae, cyst, hydrocephalus, anatomical variations, and endoscopic fenestration etc.
Cavum septum pellucidum (CSP) and cavum vergae (CV) are anatomical variations that are present in most newborns and spontaneously close between 3 to 6 months of age. In exceptional rare cases, these cavities may persist beyond infancy into childhood, adolescence, or even adulthood. When these cavities enlarge abnormally, they are classified as cysts. The underlying mechanisms driving this expansion remain poorly understood. A 20-year-old male presented with progressively worsening symptoms over several months, including persistent headaches and dizziness. A CT scan performed 12 years earlier had identified a developmental variant without any evidence of cyst formation or ventricular enlargement. However, current imaging revealed CSP and CV cyst contributing to obstructive hydrocephalus. MRI confirmed progressive cyst enlargement and obstruction of the foramen of Monro. The etiology of CSP and CV cysts is still not entirely clear, but based on the literature review and case description, it was concluded that one possible contributing factor to cyst development could be a mild perinatal injury. Although direct causality has not been proven, such injuries may affect brain structures and contribute to cyst formation in the long term. Most authors recommend endoscopic cyst fenestration through a small frontal burr hole, using neuronavigation, as the first-choice treatment, bypassing methods like shunting, open surgery, and stereotactic fenestration. Regardless of the approach, authors agree on the effectiveness of this treatment method. This surgical approach was also highly successful in this clinical case, as the patient experienced complete resolution of hydrocephalus symptoms post- surgery, along with significant improvement in overall condition. Comparing this clinical case with other available literature, it can be concluded that there are no documented examples in the literature where the dynamic development of CSP and CV cysts has been observed, which makes this case rare and valuable. For this literature review, sources were searched across various electronic databases, including open-access platforms and RSU-subscribed databases such as ClinicalKey, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and AccessMedicine. The literature search was conducted using the following keywords, both individually and in combination: cavum septum pellucidum, cavum vergae, cyst, hydrocephalus, anatomical variations, and endoscopic fenestration etc.
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Medicīna
Medicine
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care
Medicine
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care