Sieviešu zināšanas par krūts vēža skrīninga programmu un atsaucības rādītāji ģimenes ārstu praksēs
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Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte
Rīga Stradiņš University
Rīga Stradiņš University
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Aktualitāte. Krūts vēzis ir biežākais ļaundabīgais audzējs sievietēm Latvijā un viens no galvenajiem nāves cēloņiem onkoloģisko slimību grupā. Neskatoties uz to, ka valsts apmaksāta krūts vēža skrīninga programma Latvijā darbojas jau kopš 2009. gada, tās aptvere saglabājas zema.
Mērķis. Pētījuma mērķis bija novērtēt valsts apmaksātā krūts vēža skrīninga mērķa populācijas vecuma sieviešu zināšanas par skrīninga programmu, novērtēt skrīninga atsaucības rādītājus un identificēt faktorus, kas ietekmē sieviešu atsaucību, kā arī izvērtēt ģimenes ārstu iesaisti skrīninga aptveres uzlabošanā.
Metodes. Tika izmantota kvantitatīvā pētījuma metode, anketējot krūts vēža skrīninga mērķa grupas vecuma sievietes internetā un ģimenes ārstu praksēs. Zināšanas par skrīningu tika vērtētas, summējot punktus, kas iegūti, atbildot uz anketā iekļautiem jautājumiem par skrīninga pamatprincipiem. Maksimāli iegūstamais punktu skaits bija 14. Datu apstrādē tika izmantotas aprakstošās statistikas, slēdzienstatistikas un analītiskās statistikas metodes.
Rezultāti. Pētījumā kopumā piedalījās 205 sievietes vecumā no 50 līdz 69 gadiem. Zināšanu punktu kopsumma svārstījās no 1 līdz 14 punktiem, vidējais punktu skaits bija 7,7. Tika konstatētas statistiski nozīmīgas atšķirības starp grupām – zemākas zināšanas bija sievietēm ar pamatizglītību un atraitnēm. Biežākie skrīninga neapmeklēšanas iemesli bija bailes no sāpēm un diskomforta skrīninga izmeklējuma laikā, regulāra krūšu ultrasonogrāfijas izmeklējuma veikšana, laika trūkums, ierobežota skrīninga pieejamība reģionā, uzskats, ka mamogrāfija kaitē veselībai vai, ka, ja sieviete jūtas vesela, tad skrīningu nav nepieciešams veikt, uzaicinājuma vēstuļu nesaņemšana, kā arī mamogrāfijas veikšana ārpus skrīninga ietvariem. 45,4% sieviešu ģimenes ārsts ir pilnvērtīgi informējis par skrīningu un 48,8% sievietes atgādinājumu par skrīninga veikšanas iespēju saņem vismaz reizi divos gados. Tika konstatētas statistiski nozīmīgas sakarības starp sieviešu zināšanām par skrīningu, ģimenes ārstu iesaisti un skrīninga apmeklētību.
Secinājumi. Rezultāti norāda uz nepietiekamām sieviešu zināšanām par krūts vēža skrīningu un to saistību ar zemāku skrīninga apmeklētību. Nepietiekama ir arī ģimenes ārstu iesaiste, un tās veicināšana varētu sekmēt sieviešu līdzdalību skrīninga programmā.
Background. Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor among women in Latvia and one of the leading causes of death within the group of oncological diseases. Although the state-funded breast cancer screening program has been operating in Latvia since 2009, its coverage remains low. Objective. The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge of women in the target age group about the state-funded breast cancer screening program, evaluate participation rates, identify factors affecting women's attendance, and examine the involvement of general practitioners (GPs) in improving screening coverage. Methods. A quantitative research method was used by surveying women in the target age group online and in general practitioner practices. Knowledge of the screening program was assessed by summing the points obtained from responses to questions about the basic principles of the screening program. The maximum achievable score was 14. Descriptive, inferential, and analytical statistical methods were used for data analysis. Results. A total of 205 women aged 50 to 69 participated in the study. The total knowledge score ranged from 1 to 14, with a mean of 7.7 points. Statistically significant differences were found between groups – women with only primary education and widows had lower knowledge levels. The most frequently mentioned reasons for not attending screening included fear of pain and discomfort during the procedure, regular use of breast ultrasound, lack of time, limited availability of screening in certain regions, the belief that mammography is harmful or unnecessary if a woman feels healthy, not receiving an invitation letter, and undergoing mammography outside the official screening program. In total, 45.4% of women reported that their GP had provided full information about the screening program, and 48.8% received reminders about screening at least once every two years. Statistically significant correlations were observed between women's knowledge about screening, GP involvement, and screening participation. Conclusions. The results indicate insufficient knowledge among women about breast cancer screening and its association with lower screening participation. GP involvement is also inadequate, and strengthening their role could help increase women's participation in the screening program.
Background. Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor among women in Latvia and one of the leading causes of death within the group of oncological diseases. Although the state-funded breast cancer screening program has been operating in Latvia since 2009, its coverage remains low. Objective. The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge of women in the target age group about the state-funded breast cancer screening program, evaluate participation rates, identify factors affecting women's attendance, and examine the involvement of general practitioners (GPs) in improving screening coverage. Methods. A quantitative research method was used by surveying women in the target age group online and in general practitioner practices. Knowledge of the screening program was assessed by summing the points obtained from responses to questions about the basic principles of the screening program. The maximum achievable score was 14. Descriptive, inferential, and analytical statistical methods were used for data analysis. Results. A total of 205 women aged 50 to 69 participated in the study. The total knowledge score ranged from 1 to 14, with a mean of 7.7 points. Statistically significant differences were found between groups – women with only primary education and widows had lower knowledge levels. The most frequently mentioned reasons for not attending screening included fear of pain and discomfort during the procedure, regular use of breast ultrasound, lack of time, limited availability of screening in certain regions, the belief that mammography is harmful or unnecessary if a woman feels healthy, not receiving an invitation letter, and undergoing mammography outside the official screening program. In total, 45.4% of women reported that their GP had provided full information about the screening program, and 48.8% received reminders about screening at least once every two years. Statistically significant correlations were observed between women's knowledge about screening, GP involvement, and screening participation. Conclusions. The results indicate insufficient knowledge among women about breast cancer screening and its association with lower screening participation. GP involvement is also inadequate, and strengthening their role could help increase women's participation in the screening program.
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Medicīna
Medicine
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care
Medicine
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care