Partial extraction therapy in dental implantology.

Abstract

Partial extraction therapy (PET) has gained attention in recent years in dental implantology as a surgical approach aimed at preserving alveolar ridge dimensions and enhancing aesthetic outcomes. This narrative review aimed to provide the available evidence regarding the benefits, complications, and patient selection criteria associated with PET in dental implantology. Further, it sought to compare traditional extraction to partial extraction therapy and review long term stability of the alveolar ridge and associated soft tissue. This review found that Partial Extraction Therapy in dental implantology is an effective method for preserving the alveolar ridge and the architecture of the soft tissue, thus improving functional and aesthetic outcomes. PET reduces the need for extensive surgical interventions, reduces patient morbidity, shortens recovery time and contributes to the long- term success of dental implants. PET, however, is technical and patient sensitive, it requires appropriate patient selection, as inappropriate candidates may experience complications such as implant failure, infection or delayed healing. Ideal candidates for PET include individuals with stable systemic health, unrestored tooth, intact buccal bone, no apical pathology and sufficient bone volume. They should not be undergoing craniofacial growth, have no history of head and neck radiation therapy, and not be taking medications that affect bone metabolism. Additionally, they should be non-smokers, maintain good oral hygiene, and be willing to comply with treatment protocols. Clinicians must be skilled at assessing anatomical structures, managing soft tissues, and executing the procedure with precision to achieve optimal outcomes. Research has shown that PET has provided better aesthetic results than traditional extraction followed by bone augmentation. Although current evidence supports the long-term potential of PET, further research is necessary due to limitations in existing studies, including small sample sizes, diverse methodologies, and short follow-up periods.