Kosmosa militarizācijas ietekme uz varas sadalījumu un polaritāti kosmosa mini sistēmā kopš 2007.gada
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Date
2021
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Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte
Rīga Stradiņš University
Rīga Stradiņš University
Abstract
Bakalaura darba nosaukums ir “Kosmosa militarizācijas ietekme uz varas
sadalījumu un polaritāti kosmosa mini sistēmā kopš 2007. gada”. Kosmosa loma palielinās
ne tikai civilajā sektorā kosmosa tehnoloģiju veidoto iespēju dēļ, bet arī militārajā sektorā
kosmosa tehnoloģiju nodrošinātā militārā atbalsta dēļ. Kopš 2007. gada, kad ĶTR veica pirmo
satelītu iznīcināšanas ieroču izmēģinājumu, kosmosa militarizācija ir no jauna aktualizējusies.
Kosmiskā telpa ir kļuvusi daudzveidīgāka gan aktoru skaita, gan militāro objektu ziņā.
Pētījuma mērķis ir noskaidrot, kā kosmosa militarizācija ir ietekmējusi varas sadalījumu
un polaritāti kosmosa mini sistēmā kopš 2007. gada. Pētījumā izvirzītas divas hipotēzes. Pirmā
hipotēze paredz, ka jauno kosmosa varu militarizācija pārveidojusi varas sadalījumu kosmosā
no nelīdzsvarotas daudzpolaritātes uz līdzsvarotu daudzpolaritāti. Otrā hipotēze paredz, ka
jauno kosmosa varu veiktā militarizācija noteikusi ASV centienus uzlabot militārās spējas
kosmosā, lai nepieļautu ĶTR un Krievijas kļūšanu par potenciālajiem hegemoniem. Bakalaura
darbs tiek iedalīts trīs nodaļās, no kurām pirmajā nodaļā tiek veikta teorētiskās literatūras izpēte
par neoreālisma paradigmu un ofensīvo reālismu. Otrajā un trešajā nodaļā tiek aprakstītas
polaritātes izmaiņas kosmosa mini sistēmā līdz un pēc 2007. gada, iekļaujot aprakstu par aktoru
sacensību Aukstā kara laikā divpolārā kosmosa mini sistēmā, kā arī kosmosa varu militāro
plānu un kapacitātes salīdzinājumu daudzpolārā kosmosa mini sistēmā mūsdienās.
Tēmas analīzei tiek izmantota dokumentu analīze, kurā tiek atlasīti un analizēti
pirmavoti, kas šajā pētījumā ir kosmosa varu oficiālie dokumenti kosmosa militarizācijas
kontekstā. Pētījumā tiek apstiprināta pirmā hipotēze, jo pēc kosmosa varu militāro plānu un
militārās kapacitātes salīdzinājuma var secināt, ka kopš 2007. gada aktoru spēki ir
līdzsvarojušies. Tādējādi kosmiskajā telpā vairs nav vērojams ASV kā potenciālā hegemona
pārsvars militārajā jomā. Daļēji apstiprinās otrā pētījuma hipotēze, jo ĶTR un Krievijai ir
vislielākās iespējas apsteigt ASV militārajā jomā kosmosā, ko ASV arī nosaka kā draudu
stratēģiskajos dokumentos, taču nozīmīga ir arī ĶTR un Krievijas nevalstiskā kosmosa sektora
attīstība. ASV atbildes reakcija uz abu valstu radītajiem draudiem ir kosmosa spēku izveide un
plašāka kosmosa ieroču attīstīšana.
The title of bachelor’s thesis is “The impact of space militarization on the distribution of power and polarity in outer space mini system since 2007”. The role of outer space grows not only in civil sector due to the opportunities offered by space technologies, but also in military sector due to the military support provided by space technologies. Since year 2007 when PRC did the first anti-satellite weapon test, space militarization has re-emerged. Outer space has become more diversified both in terms of number of actors and military objects. The aim of research is to clarify how space militarization has impacted distribution of power and polarity in space mini system since 2007. The research includes two hypotheses. The first hypothesis assumes that militarization by the new space powers has changed the distribution of power in outer space from unbalanced multipolarity to balanced multipolarity. The second hypothesis assumes that militarization by new space powers identified U.S. efforts to improve military capabilities in space to prevent PRC and Russia from becoming potential hegemons. Bachelor’s thesis is divided in three chapters. The first chapter includes research of theoretical literature on the paradigm of neorealism and offensive realism. Second and third chapter describes polarity changes in space mini system until and after 2007, including a description of the actors’ competition during the Cold War in bipolar outer space mini system as well as the comparison of space powers military plans and capacity nowadays in multipolar outer space mini system. The analysis is made using document analysis in which primary sources are selected and analysed. In this research those are the official document of space powers in the context of space militarization. The research confirms the first hypothesis because after the comparison of space powers military plans and military capacity it can be concluded that since 2007 the power of the actors has balanced. Therefore, the predominance of the U.S. as a potential hegemon in the military sphere in outer space is no longer observed. The second hypothesis partly confirms, because PRC and Russia have the greatest potential to overtake the U.S. in the military field in outer space which the U.S. also identifies as a threat in strategic documents. However, the development of the non-governmental space sector in the PRC and Russia is also important. The U.S. response to the threats posed by both countries is the creation of the space force and broader development of space weapons.
The title of bachelor’s thesis is “The impact of space militarization on the distribution of power and polarity in outer space mini system since 2007”. The role of outer space grows not only in civil sector due to the opportunities offered by space technologies, but also in military sector due to the military support provided by space technologies. Since year 2007 when PRC did the first anti-satellite weapon test, space militarization has re-emerged. Outer space has become more diversified both in terms of number of actors and military objects. The aim of research is to clarify how space militarization has impacted distribution of power and polarity in space mini system since 2007. The research includes two hypotheses. The first hypothesis assumes that militarization by the new space powers has changed the distribution of power in outer space from unbalanced multipolarity to balanced multipolarity. The second hypothesis assumes that militarization by new space powers identified U.S. efforts to improve military capabilities in space to prevent PRC and Russia from becoming potential hegemons. Bachelor’s thesis is divided in three chapters. The first chapter includes research of theoretical literature on the paradigm of neorealism and offensive realism. Second and third chapter describes polarity changes in space mini system until and after 2007, including a description of the actors’ competition during the Cold War in bipolar outer space mini system as well as the comparison of space powers military plans and capacity nowadays in multipolar outer space mini system. The analysis is made using document analysis in which primary sources are selected and analysed. In this research those are the official document of space powers in the context of space militarization. The research confirms the first hypothesis because after the comparison of space powers military plans and military capacity it can be concluded that since 2007 the power of the actors has balanced. Therefore, the predominance of the U.S. as a potential hegemon in the military sphere in outer space is no longer observed. The second hypothesis partly confirms, because PRC and Russia have the greatest potential to overtake the U.S. in the military field in outer space which the U.S. also identifies as a threat in strategic documents. However, the development of the non-governmental space sector in the PRC and Russia is also important. The U.S. response to the threats posed by both countries is the creation of the space force and broader development of space weapons.
Description
Starptautiskās attiecības - Eiropas studijas
International Relations - European Studies
Socioloģija, politoloģija un antropoloģija
Sociology, Politics and Anthropology
International Relations - European Studies
Socioloģija, politoloģija un antropoloģija
Sociology, Politics and Anthropology
Keywords
kosmosa militarizācija, varas polaritāte, kosmosa ieroči, ofensīvais
reālisms, kosmosa spēki, space militarization, polarity of power, space weapons, offensive realism, space forces