Latvijas sabiedrības attieksme pret HIV inficētiem cilvēkiem
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Date
2020
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Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte
Rīga Stradiņš University
Rīga Stradiņš University
Abstract
Mērķis: Kopš slimības pirmās atzīšanas 40 gadus atpakaļ, HIV/AIDS ir aiznesis vairākus miljonus cilvēku dzīvību visā pasaulē, kļūstot par vienu no postošākajām epidēmijām pasaules vēsturē. Lai gan tiek uzskatīts, ka slimības izplatību pārsvarā veicina sabiedrības sliktās zināšanas par infekcijas transmisijas un prevencijas iespējām, neuzmanība un kādreiz bezatbildība, tomēr globāli arvien vairāk pētījumu dati liecina, ka sociālā stigma un diskriminācija pret HIV pozitīviem cilvēkiem arī lielā mērā sekmē infekcijas izplatīšanos – inficētie, baidoties no negatīvas sabiedrības attieksmes, kavē HIV statusa pārbaudi, izpaušanu un ārstēšanas uzsākšanu, potenciāli turpinot inficēt apkārtējos. Darba mērķis bija noteikt, cik lielā mērā Latvijas iedzīvotāju vidū pastāv negatīva attieksme pret HIV inficētajiem.
Metodes: Kvantitatīvs šķērsgriezuma pētījums, kas tika veikts laika posmā no 2019. gada novembra līdz 2020. gada februārim. Lai izvērtētu Latvijas iedzīvotāju attieksmi pret HIV pozitīviem cilvēkiem, tika izstrādāta 22 jautājumu aptaujas anketa, kas tika izplatīta e-vidē, kur respondenti sociālo tīklu platformās tika aicināti tās brīvprātīgi aizpildīt.
Rezultāti: Kopumā tika analizētas 1157 respondentu iesniegtās anketas. Dzimuma sadalījums pētījumā krasi atšķirās – 83,2% (n=963) respondentu bija sievietes, attiecīgi 16,8% (n=194) bija vīrieši. No visiem respondentiem tikai 66,5% (n=769) pareizi zināja iespējamos HIV transmisijas veidus. Runājot par jūtām, ko respondenti izjūt attiecībā pret HIV pozitīviem cilvēkiem, vairākums (86,8%, n=1004) atzīmēja, ka viņiem ir žēl inficētos, trešdaļai no aptaujātiem (34,8%, n=403) ir bail no HIV inficētiem, savukārt, 8,6% (n=100) respondentu HIV slimnieki ir pretīgi. Trešdaļa (33,1%, n=383) respondentu atzina, ka viņi nekad nevarētu būt draugi ar HIV inficēto. Gandrīz 12% (n=138) aptaujāto uzskata, ka HIV inficētiem cilvēkiem savu dzīvi būtu jāpavada mājās vai slimnīcās, savukārt, trešdaļa respondentu (34,1%, n=395) uzskata, ka nav pieļaujams, ka HIV inficētie drīkst strādāt sabiedriskās vietās. Trešdaļa respondentu (36,8%, n=426) uzskata, ka HIV inficētas sievietes nedrīkst dzemdēt bērnus, savukārt, 28,7% (n=332) respondentu ir pārliecināti, ka HIV slimnieki vispār nedrīkst stāties dzimumattiecībās.
Secinājumi: Latvijas iedzīvotāju vidū lielā mērā pastāv negatīva attieksme pret HIV inficētajiem, kas varētu būtiski samazināt inficēta cilvēka dzīves kvalitāti visās inficēta dzīves jomās – gan attiecībās ar draugiem, gan ģimenes plānošanas iespējās, gan darbā.
Objectives: Since the disease was first recognized 40 years ago, HIV / AIDS has killed millions of people worldwide, becoming one of the most devastating epidemics in world history. Although the prevalence of the disease is believed to be largely due to the public's poor knowledge of the transmission options and prevention of infection, neglect or even irresponsibility, a growing body of research suggests that social stigma and discrimination against HIV-positive people also contributes significantly, fear of negative public reactions prevents HIV testing, disclosure and treatment, potentially continuing to infect others. The aim of the study was to determine the extent to which people in Latvia have a negative attitude towards people living with HIV. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study conducted between November 2019 and February 2020. In order to evaluate the attitude of the Latvian population towards HIV positive people, a questionnaire of 22 questions was developed. Results: In total, 1157 respondents submitted questionnaires. Gender distribution in the study differed notably - 83.2% (n = 963) of the respondents were female, and 16.8% (n = 194) were male. Of all respondents, only 66.5% (n = 769) correctly knew about the possible ways of HIV transmission. Regarding the feelings of respondents towards HIV positive people, the majority (86.8%, n = 1004) noted that they feel sorry for the infected, one-third of the respondents (34.8%, n = 403) are afraid of people living with HIV while 8.6% (n = 100) of respondents are disgusted by HIV infected people. One third (33.1%, n = 383) of the respondents admitted that they could never be friends with HIV infected people. Almost 12% (n = 138) of respondents believe that people living with HIV should spend their lives at home or in hospitals, while a third of respondents (34.1%, n = 395) believe that people living with HIV should not work in public places. One-third of respondents (36.8%, n = 426) believe that HIV-infected women should not have children, while 28.7% (n = 332) are of the opinion that HIV-positive women should not have sex at all. Conclusions: There is a high level of negative attitude among people living in Latvia towards people living with HIV, which could significantly reduce the quality of life of the infected person in all areas of their life - with friends, family planning and work.
Objectives: Since the disease was first recognized 40 years ago, HIV / AIDS has killed millions of people worldwide, becoming one of the most devastating epidemics in world history. Although the prevalence of the disease is believed to be largely due to the public's poor knowledge of the transmission options and prevention of infection, neglect or even irresponsibility, a growing body of research suggests that social stigma and discrimination against HIV-positive people also contributes significantly, fear of negative public reactions prevents HIV testing, disclosure and treatment, potentially continuing to infect others. The aim of the study was to determine the extent to which people in Latvia have a negative attitude towards people living with HIV. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study conducted between November 2019 and February 2020. In order to evaluate the attitude of the Latvian population towards HIV positive people, a questionnaire of 22 questions was developed. Results: In total, 1157 respondents submitted questionnaires. Gender distribution in the study differed notably - 83.2% (n = 963) of the respondents were female, and 16.8% (n = 194) were male. Of all respondents, only 66.5% (n = 769) correctly knew about the possible ways of HIV transmission. Regarding the feelings of respondents towards HIV positive people, the majority (86.8%, n = 1004) noted that they feel sorry for the infected, one-third of the respondents (34.8%, n = 403) are afraid of people living with HIV while 8.6% (n = 100) of respondents are disgusted by HIV infected people. One third (33.1%, n = 383) of the respondents admitted that they could never be friends with HIV infected people. Almost 12% (n = 138) of respondents believe that people living with HIV should spend their lives at home or in hospitals, while a third of respondents (34.1%, n = 395) believe that people living with HIV should not work in public places. One-third of respondents (36.8%, n = 426) believe that HIV-infected women should not have children, while 28.7% (n = 332) are of the opinion that HIV-positive women should not have sex at all. Conclusions: There is a high level of negative attitude among people living in Latvia towards people living with HIV, which could significantly reduce the quality of life of the infected person in all areas of their life - with friends, family planning and work.
Description
Medicīna
Medicine
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care
Medicine
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care
Keywords
HIV, negatīva attieksme, sociālā stigma, HIV, negative attitude, social stigma