Occupational Contact Dermatitis: Etiology and Prevention
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Date
2021
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte
Rīga Stradiņš University
Rīga Stradiņš University
Abstract
Alerģiskais kontaktdermatīts un kairinošais kontaktdermatīts nozīmīga arodslimību daļa. Daudzu profesiju darbiniekiem ir risks saslimt ar kontaktdermatītu, un tas var būtiski ietekmēt skarto cilvēku dzīves kvalitāti. Tāpēc preventīvie pasākumi ir ļoti svarīgi.
Alerģiskajam kontaktdermatītam un kairinošajam kontaktdermatītam ir līdzības un atšķirības. KKD izraisa neimunoloģiska reakcija uz kairinošu vielu, savukārt AKD izraisa IV tipa paaugstinātas jutības reakcija uz alergēnu. KKD ir klīniska diagnoze, un AKD tiek diagnosticēta, veicot plākstera testēšanu. Daži no visbiežāk sastopamajiem alergēniem, kas izraisa AKD, ir gumija, epoksīds, niķelis un sveķi. Dezinfekcijas līdzekļi un gumijas komponenti aizsargcimdos ir izplatīti AKD iemesli. KKD bieži izraisa mitrs darbs, šķīdinātāji, ziepes, naftas produkti, griešanas eļļas un dzesēšanas šķidrumi. Cements un metālapstrādes šķidrumi ir labi zināmi kairinātāji, kas izraisa KKD. AKD un KKD ir līdzīgas klīniskās izpausmes un profilakses pasākumi.
Pētījumi rāda, ka preventīvie pasākumi, piemēram, izglītības programmas par pareizu ādas kopšanu, ir palielinājušas pacientu zināšanas par aroda kontaktdermatītu, uzlabojuši viņu ādas kopšanu un palielinājuši aizsardzības līdzekļu izmantošanu. Pēc profilakses pasākumiem simptomu smagums samazinājās, un pacienti arī ziņoja par labāku dzīves kvalitāti. Profilaktiskajiem pasākumiem ir sociālekonomiski ieguvumi, samazinot slimības atvaļinājumu un samazinot darba kavējumu skaitu.
darba kontakta dermatīts negatīvi ietekmē strādājošos. Tas var izraisīt ilgtermiņa bezdarbu un rada ekonomiskos zaudējumus sabiedrībai. Profilakse, savlaicīga diagnostika un iejaukšanās ir svarīga, lai novērstu hroniskas slimības, slimības lapas, profesijas maiņu un darba nespēju.
Allergic contact dermatitis and irritant contact dermatitis accounts for the majority of occupational skin diseases. Employees in numerous of occupations are at risk of developing contact dermatitis, and it has potential to significantly impact the quality of life in those affected. That makes preventive measures of great importance. Allergic contact dermatitis and irritant contact dermatitis have similarities and differences. ICD is caused by a nonimmunologic reaction to an irritant, while ACD is caused by a type IV hypersensitivity reaction to an allergen. ICD is a clinical diagnosis, and ACD is diagnosed by patch testing. Some of the most common allergens causing ACD are rubber, epoxy, nickel and resins. Disinfectants and rubber components in protective gloves are common reasons of ACD. ICD is often caused by wet work, solvents, soaps, petroleum products, cutting oils and coolants. Cement and metalworking fluids are well known irritants causing ICD. ACD and ICD have similar clinical manifestations and preventive measures. Studies show that preventive measures like educational programs about proper skin care have increased patients’ knowledge about occupational contact dermatitis, improved their skin care, and increased the use of protective equipment. The severity of symptoms decreased after preventive measures, and the patients also reported better quality of life. Preventive measures have socioeconomic benefits in terms of reduced sick leave and decreased work absenteeism. Occupational contact dermatitis is disabling for workers affected. It can cause long term unemployment and are expensive for the society. Prevention, early diagnosis and intervention is important to prevent chronic disease, sick leave, change of occupation and incapacity for work.
Allergic contact dermatitis and irritant contact dermatitis accounts for the majority of occupational skin diseases. Employees in numerous of occupations are at risk of developing contact dermatitis, and it has potential to significantly impact the quality of life in those affected. That makes preventive measures of great importance. Allergic contact dermatitis and irritant contact dermatitis have similarities and differences. ICD is caused by a nonimmunologic reaction to an irritant, while ACD is caused by a type IV hypersensitivity reaction to an allergen. ICD is a clinical diagnosis, and ACD is diagnosed by patch testing. Some of the most common allergens causing ACD are rubber, epoxy, nickel and resins. Disinfectants and rubber components in protective gloves are common reasons of ACD. ICD is often caused by wet work, solvents, soaps, petroleum products, cutting oils and coolants. Cement and metalworking fluids are well known irritants causing ICD. ACD and ICD have similar clinical manifestations and preventive measures. Studies show that preventive measures like educational programs about proper skin care have increased patients’ knowledge about occupational contact dermatitis, improved their skin care, and increased the use of protective equipment. The severity of symptoms decreased after preventive measures, and the patients also reported better quality of life. Preventive measures have socioeconomic benefits in terms of reduced sick leave and decreased work absenteeism. Occupational contact dermatitis is disabling for workers affected. It can cause long term unemployment and are expensive for the society. Prevention, early diagnosis and intervention is important to prevent chronic disease, sick leave, change of occupation and incapacity for work.
Description
Medicīna
Medicine
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care
Medicine
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care
Keywords
Aroda kontaktdermatīts, aroda kontaktdermatīts etioloģijā, aroda kontaktdermatīts prevencija, kairinošu kontaktdermatītu etioloģijā, alerģisku kontaktdermatītu etioloģijā, kairinošu kontaktdermatītu prevencija, alerģisku kontaktdermatītu prevencija., Occupational contact dermatitis, occupational contact dermatitis etiology, occupational contact dermatitis prevention, irritant contact dermatitis etiology, allergic contact dermatitis etiology, irritant contact dermatitis prevention, allergic contact dermatitis prevention.