Thromboembolic Events And Covid 19: Changes in Haemostatic Parameters, Prophylactic Measures And Treatment
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Date
2022
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Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte
Rīga Stradiņš University
Rīga Stradiņš University
Abstract
Pamatinformācija: Kopš 2020. gada sākuma Covid-19 pandēmijas ir radījušas izteiktu slogu medicīnas iestādēm un skārušas vairāk nekā 290 miljonus cilvēku visā pasaulē. Galvenais orgāns, ko ietekmē COVID-19, ir plaušas. Vairumā gadījumu simptomi aprobežojas ar elpceļiem, ieskaitot akūta respiratorā distresa sindroma attīstību kā visizplatītāko nāves cēloni. Pēdējo divu pandēmijas gadu laikā arvien vairāk klīniskajos pētījumos tiek ziņots par palielinātu trombembolisku notikumu biežumu, kas liecina par vispārēju hiperkoagulācijas stāvokli COVID-19 pacientiem.
Mērķis: Literatūras apskata mērķis ir noskaidrot vai COVID-19 pacientiem palielinās trombembolisko notikumu biežums un kā hemostatisko parametru izmaiņas var palīdzēt novērtēt slimnīcā nonākušos pacientus. Tromboprofilakses un tās dažādo devu nozīme atsevišķās pacientu grupās tiks apskatīta.
Materiāli un metodes: šajā literatūras pārskatā raksti un pētījumi par trombemboliskiem notikumiem COVID-19 gadījumā tika atrasti dažādās datubāzēs, piemēram, PubMed, Science Direct, Clinical Key un Google Scholar. Lai izveidotu šo literatūras apskatu, tika izmantoti zinātniskos žurnālos publicētie raksti un klīnisko gadījumu izpēte.
Secinājums: COVID-19 ir saistīts ar palielinātu trombembolisku komplikāciju biežumu, kas palielina mirstības risku. Izmaiņas hemostatiskajos marķieros var palīdzēt novērtēt pacientus, kuriem ir augsts trombembolisku notikumu risks jau stacionēšanas brīdī, un tās tiek uzskatītas par labu līdzekli COVID-19 pacientu uzraudzībai hospitalizācijas laikā. Tā kā trombembolijas gadījumu biežums ir augsts, visiem hospitalizētajiem pacientiem ieteicams saņemt profilaktiskas zemas molekulmasas heparīnu vai nefrakcionētu heparīnu devas.
Background: Since the beginning of 2020, the COVID-19 pandemics has brought medical institutions to its limits and affected more then 290 million people world-wide. The primary organ that is affected by COVID-19 is the lung. In the majority, symptoms are limited to the respiratory tract including the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome as most common cause of death. During the last two years of the pandemic, more and more clinical trials have reported an increased incidence of thromboembolic events, suggesting a general hypercoagulable state in COVID-19 patients. Aim: The aim of this literature review is to find out, whether the incidence of thromboembolic events is increased in individuals affected by COVID-19 and how changes in haemostatic parameters can help in evaluation of patients admitting to the hospital. The role of thromboprophylaxis and its different dose in individual patients’ groups will be pointed out. Materials and methods: In this literature review, current articles, and studies about thromboembolism in COVID-19 were found in different databases such as PubMed, science direct, clinical key and Google scholar. Articles published in scientific journals and clinical case studies were used to create this literature review. Conclusion: COVID-19 is associated with an increased incidence of thromboembolic complications that increase the risk of mortality. Changes in haemostatic markers can help in the evaluation of patients at high risk for thromboembolic events during admission and are considered a good tool for monitoring COVID-19 patients during hospitalization. Because of the high incidence of thromboembolic events, all hospitalized patients are recommended to receive routine dose thromboprophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin or unfractionated heparin.
Background: Since the beginning of 2020, the COVID-19 pandemics has brought medical institutions to its limits and affected more then 290 million people world-wide. The primary organ that is affected by COVID-19 is the lung. In the majority, symptoms are limited to the respiratory tract including the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome as most common cause of death. During the last two years of the pandemic, more and more clinical trials have reported an increased incidence of thromboembolic events, suggesting a general hypercoagulable state in COVID-19 patients. Aim: The aim of this literature review is to find out, whether the incidence of thromboembolic events is increased in individuals affected by COVID-19 and how changes in haemostatic parameters can help in evaluation of patients admitting to the hospital. The role of thromboprophylaxis and its different dose in individual patients’ groups will be pointed out. Materials and methods: In this literature review, current articles, and studies about thromboembolism in COVID-19 were found in different databases such as PubMed, science direct, clinical key and Google scholar. Articles published in scientific journals and clinical case studies were used to create this literature review. Conclusion: COVID-19 is associated with an increased incidence of thromboembolic complications that increase the risk of mortality. Changes in haemostatic markers can help in the evaluation of patients at high risk for thromboembolic events during admission and are considered a good tool for monitoring COVID-19 patients during hospitalization. Because of the high incidence of thromboembolic events, all hospitalized patients are recommended to receive routine dose thromboprophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin or unfractionated heparin.
Description
Medicīna
Medicine
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care
Medicine
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care
Keywords
Atslēgvārdi: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, ar COVID-19 saistīta koagulopātija, trombemboliski notikumi, koagulācijas parametri, tromboprofilakse, Keywords: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 associated Coagulopathy, thromboembolic events, coagulation parameters, thromboprophylaxis