Hidrocefālija, tās iemesli, radioloģiskā diagnostika
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Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte
Rīga Stradiņš University
Rīga Stradiņš University
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Hidrocefālija ir stāvoklis, ko raksturo cerebrospinālā šķīduma tilpuma pieaugums galvas
smadzenēs un līdz ar to arī smadzeņu vēderiņu dilatācija. Hidrocefāliju var definēt kā
komunicējošu vai nekomunicējošu atkarībā no tā, kur ir obstrukcija, kā arī to var iedalīt
obstruktīvā un neobstruktīvā atkarībā no tā, vai likvora cirkulācijas ceļos smadzeņu vēderiņos vai
subarahnoidālajā telpā ir obstrukcija, vai obstrukcijas nav.
Klasiskā hidrocefālijas hipotēze balstās uz disbalansu likvora pārprodukcijā un absorbcijā,
tomēr pēdējos gados tiek pētīta arī glimfātiskā sistēma, kam potenciāli ir nozīmīga loma
smadzeņu šķidrumu plūsmas dinamikā. Jaunākajos pētījumos ir akcentēta centrālās nervu
sistēmas osmotisko un hidrostatisko spēku iesaiste likvora tilpuma regulācijā un izvirzīti citi
būtiski jautājumi par hidrocefālijas diagnostiku un iespējamo tālāko izpēti.
Pētījums veidots kā sistemātisks zinātniskās literatūras apskats par hidrocefālijas
iemesliem un radioloģisko diagnostiku, akcentējot atklājumus jaunākajos zinātniskajos pētījumos
par hidrocefālijas patoģenēzi, veidiem, diagnostiskas īpatnībām un diagnostiskajām pazīmēm.
Pētījumā analizēts 1 klīniskais gadījums – pilocītiskas astrocitomas izraisīta nekomunicējoša
hidrocefālija gados jaunam pacientam.
Hydrocephalus is a condition of increased volume of cerebrospinal fluid and thus of the cerebral ventricles. Hydrocephalus can be addressed as communicating or non-communicating, referring to where the obstruction is, but it can also be addressed as obstructive or non-obstructive, referring to obstruction of CSF pathways in the ventricles or subarachnoid space or the absence of it. The classic hypothesis of hydrocephalus is based on an imbalance in the overproduction and absorption of cerebrospinal fluid, however, in recent years, the glymphatic system has also been extensively studied, and it most likely plays an important role in the dynamics of the flow of cerebrospinal fluid. The most recent studies have emphasized the involvement of the osmotic and hydrostatic forces of the central nervous system in the regulation of the volume of the cerebrospinal fluid and raised other important questions about the diagnosis of hydrocephalus and potential further research. The study is designed as a systematic review of the scientific literature on the causes of hydrocephalus and its radiological imaging, emphasizing the findings of the latest scientific studies on the pathogenesis, diagnostic features and signs of hydrocephalus. The study analyzes 1 clinical case – non-communicating hydrocephalus caused by pilocytic astrocytoma in a young adult.
Hydrocephalus is a condition of increased volume of cerebrospinal fluid and thus of the cerebral ventricles. Hydrocephalus can be addressed as communicating or non-communicating, referring to where the obstruction is, but it can also be addressed as obstructive or non-obstructive, referring to obstruction of CSF pathways in the ventricles or subarachnoid space or the absence of it. The classic hypothesis of hydrocephalus is based on an imbalance in the overproduction and absorption of cerebrospinal fluid, however, in recent years, the glymphatic system has also been extensively studied, and it most likely plays an important role in the dynamics of the flow of cerebrospinal fluid. The most recent studies have emphasized the involvement of the osmotic and hydrostatic forces of the central nervous system in the regulation of the volume of the cerebrospinal fluid and raised other important questions about the diagnosis of hydrocephalus and potential further research. The study is designed as a systematic review of the scientific literature on the causes of hydrocephalus and its radiological imaging, emphasizing the findings of the latest scientific studies on the pathogenesis, diagnostic features and signs of hydrocephalus. The study analyzes 1 clinical case – non-communicating hydrocephalus caused by pilocytic astrocytoma in a young adult.
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Medicīna
Medicine
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Health Care
Medicine
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care