Hipofīzes adenomu magnētiskās rezonanses attēldiagnostikas un klīnisko īpašību izvērtēšana
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Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte
Rīga Stradiņš University
Rīga Stradiņš University
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Ievads. Aptuveni 10 līdz 15 % no visiem intrakraniālajiem audzējiem ir hipofīzes adenomas. Adenomas klīniski tiek klasificētas kā hormonāli aktīvas un neaktīvas jeb sekretējošas un nesekretējošas. Magnētiskās rezonanses (MR) attēldiagnostika ir izvēles metode hipofīzes adenomu diagnostikai. Precīzas diagnozes un terapijas plāna izvēle ir atkarīga no dažādām attēldiagnostikas īpašībām – adenomas iespiešanos apkārtējos audos un struktūrās, MR signāla intensitātes izmaiņām.
Pētījuma mērķis. Izvērtēt un aprakstīt biežākos hipofīzes adenomu radioloģiskos parametrus MR izmeklējumos, un to biežākās klīniskās izpausmes.
Materiāli un metodes. Pētījuma ietvaros retrospektīvi no Rīgas Austrumu klīniskās universitātes slimnīcas datubāzes tika izvērtēti MR izmeklējumi un klīniskā dokumentācija 64 pacientiem, kuri laika posmā no 2018. – 2019. gadam stacionēti Rīgas Austrumu klīniskās universitātes slimnīcā. Tika izvērtēti arī pacientu anamnēze un klīniskā simptomātika pirms diagnozes apstiprināšanas. No magnētiskās rezonanses protokola tika izvērtēti pirms un pēc kontrastvielas izmeklējumi koronālajā un sagitālajā plaknē T1 sekvencē, kā arī attēli T2 sekvencē, ar attālumu starp slāņiem 2 mm. Tika izvērtēts turku seglu apvidus, adenomas iespiešanās blakus esošajos audos, un citas īpašības. Adenomu tilpuma aprēķināšanai izmantota formula: ½ * (adenomas garums x augstums x platums). Datu statistiskā apstrāde tika veikta IBM SPSS Statistics v23 programmā.
Rezultāti. Pētījumā iekļauti 64 pacienti (25 vīrieši, 39 sievietes) ar vidējo vecumu 54,3 ± 4,1 gadi. Makroadenomas tika konstatētas 64,1 % (n=41) pacientu, mikroadenomas 35,9% pacientu (n=23). Makroadenomu prevalence starp vīriešiem (48,7%, n=20) un sievietēm (51,3, n=21) bija statistiski vienāda. Mikroadenomas biežāk diagnosticētas sievietēm (78,2%, n =18), nekā vīriešiem (21,8%, n=5). Vidējais makroadenomu tilpums starp vīriešiem bija 2,40 cm3 un 2,29 cm3 sievietēm. T1 attēlā hipofīzes makroadenomas biežāk bija izointensas vai hipointensas. T1 attēlā, pēc kontrastvielas ievadīšanas, un T2 attēlā adenomas biežāk bija heterogēni hiperintensas. Suprasellāra augšana ar chiasma opticum kompresiju novērota 45,3% adenomu gadījumā (n=29), endosellāra augšana 37,5% (n=24) adenomu gadījumā. Unilaterāla parasellāra augšana ar ietekmi uz kavernozo sinusu novērota 48,7% (n=20) makroadenomu gadījumā, bilaterāla ietekme uz kavernozo sinusu 9,7% (n=4) makroadenomu gadījumā. Hormonāli aktīvas bija 73,4% (n=47) adenomas. Dažādu veidu redzes traucējumi, to skaitā homonīma vai bitemporāla hemianopsija un scotoma tika novērota 31,3% (n=20) pacientiem. Citas biežākās klīniskās sūdzības, pacientiem iestājoties, bija slikta dūša (53,1%, n=34) un galvassāpes (51,6%, n=33).
Introduction. Approximately 10 to 15 % of all intracranial neoplasms are pituitary adenomas. In a clinical setting, pituitary adenomas can be classified as non-functioning and functioning adenomas depending on the hormonal activity. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the optimal imaging modality for the pituitary gland. Different properties regarding the extent of expansion, attenuation, signal characteristics provide with various imaging results and are important in establishing a correct diagnosis and treatment plan. The aim of the study. To evaluate and describe the radiographic features of MRI in different pituitary adenomas and assess their clinical properties. Materials and methods. We retrospectively reviewed MRI properties and medical records of 64 patients admitted to Riga East clinical university hospital from year 2018 to 2019. Additionally, patient referral details and clinical features were compiled. Magnetic resonance imaging protocol consisted of 2 mm thin sections that were performed in the coronal and sagittal planes. T1 weighted sequences pre and post intravenous contrast admission and T2 weighted sequences of the sellar region and tumor invasion were analyzed. The volume of macroadenomas was calculated using the geometric formula, which is ½ * (length x width x height). Statistical data interpretation was done by IBM SPSS Statistics v23. Results. The study included 64 patients (25 male, 39 female) with a median age of 54.3 ± 4.1 years. Of 64 patients, 41 cases (64.1%) were macroadenoma and 23 (35.9%) were microadenoma. Macroadenomas were statistically equally prevalent in males: 20 (48.7%) vs females: 21 (51.3%). Microadenomas were significantly more prevalent in females: 18 (78.2%) vs 5 (21.8%). The median volume of macroadenomas in men was 2.40 cm3 and 2.29 cm3 in females. MRI imaging modalities in macroadenomas showed predominantly isointense to hypointense signal in T1-WI, and heterogeneously hyperintense signal in both postcontrast enhancement (T1-WI C+) and T2-WI sequences. Compression of the optic chiasm was found in 45.3% (n=29) adenomas, endosellar depression was found in 37.5% (n=24) adenomas. Unilateral parasellar invasion of the cavernous sinus was found in 48.7% (n=20) macroadenomas, bilateral parasellar invasion was found in 9.7% (n=4) macroadenomas. 73.4% (n=47) of adenomas were functioning and 26.6% (n=17) were non-functioning. Various degree of visual impairment, including homonymous and bitemporal hemianopsia, and scotoma, was observed in 28.5% (n=20) cases. Other common clinical abnormalities during patient admission were nausea 51.5% (n=34) and headache 50% (n=33).
Introduction. Approximately 10 to 15 % of all intracranial neoplasms are pituitary adenomas. In a clinical setting, pituitary adenomas can be classified as non-functioning and functioning adenomas depending on the hormonal activity. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the optimal imaging modality for the pituitary gland. Different properties regarding the extent of expansion, attenuation, signal characteristics provide with various imaging results and are important in establishing a correct diagnosis and treatment plan. The aim of the study. To evaluate and describe the radiographic features of MRI in different pituitary adenomas and assess their clinical properties. Materials and methods. We retrospectively reviewed MRI properties and medical records of 64 patients admitted to Riga East clinical university hospital from year 2018 to 2019. Additionally, patient referral details and clinical features were compiled. Magnetic resonance imaging protocol consisted of 2 mm thin sections that were performed in the coronal and sagittal planes. T1 weighted sequences pre and post intravenous contrast admission and T2 weighted sequences of the sellar region and tumor invasion were analyzed. The volume of macroadenomas was calculated using the geometric formula, which is ½ * (length x width x height). Statistical data interpretation was done by IBM SPSS Statistics v23. Results. The study included 64 patients (25 male, 39 female) with a median age of 54.3 ± 4.1 years. Of 64 patients, 41 cases (64.1%) were macroadenoma and 23 (35.9%) were microadenoma. Macroadenomas were statistically equally prevalent in males: 20 (48.7%) vs females: 21 (51.3%). Microadenomas were significantly more prevalent in females: 18 (78.2%) vs 5 (21.8%). The median volume of macroadenomas in men was 2.40 cm3 and 2.29 cm3 in females. MRI imaging modalities in macroadenomas showed predominantly isointense to hypointense signal in T1-WI, and heterogeneously hyperintense signal in both postcontrast enhancement (T1-WI C+) and T2-WI sequences. Compression of the optic chiasm was found in 45.3% (n=29) adenomas, endosellar depression was found in 37.5% (n=24) adenomas. Unilateral parasellar invasion of the cavernous sinus was found in 48.7% (n=20) macroadenomas, bilateral parasellar invasion was found in 9.7% (n=4) macroadenomas. 73.4% (n=47) of adenomas were functioning and 26.6% (n=17) were non-functioning. Various degree of visual impairment, including homonymous and bitemporal hemianopsia, and scotoma, was observed in 28.5% (n=20) cases. Other common clinical abnormalities during patient admission were nausea 51.5% (n=34) and headache 50% (n=33).
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