Pacientu ar 2. tipa cukura diabētu izpratne par iespējamām agrīnām un vēlīnām komplikācijām un to profilaksi
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Date
2020
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Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte
Rīga Stradiņš University
Rīga Stradiņš University
Abstract
Bakalaura darbā “Pacientu ar 2. tipa cukura diabētu izpratne par iespējamām agrīnām un vēlīnām komplikācijām un to profilaksi” tika pētīts, kāda ir pacientu izpratne par 2.tipa cukura diabēta komplikācijām un to profilaktiskajiem pasākumiem.
Mūsdienās ik gadu cukura diabēta pacientu skaits strauji palielinās ne tikai Latvijā, bet arī visā pasaulē. Pēc cukura diabēta reģistra datiem, 2009. gadā Latvijā bija reģistrēti 67 683 slimnieki, bet 2015. gadā Latvijā tika reģistrēti 86 941 slimnieki ar cukura diabētu, no tiem 82 190 slimnieki ar 2. tipa cukura diabētu. (Astamirova, H. 2013)
Pētījuma datu iegūšanai tika izmantota kvantitatīvā pētniecības metode – aptauja. Kā pētījuma instruments tika izmantota autores sastādītā daļēji strukturētā aptaujas anketa “Pacientu ar 2.tipa cukura diabētu izpratne par iespējamām agrīnām un vēlīnām komplikācijām un to profilaksi”. Aptaujas anketa sastāv no 30 jautājumiem, kuri tika sadalīti 4 daļās ar atšķirīgu intervijas mērķi ar piedāvātajiem atbilžu variantiem. Pētījumā piedalījās 100 respondenti vecumā no 30 līdz 80 gadiem.
Vislielākais respondentu skaits (82%) saprot, ka hipoglikēmijas galvenie cēloņi ir ievādīta pārāk liela insulīna deva, aizkavējusies ēdienreize, pārlieku liela fiziskā slodze. Kā arī vairākums (79%) respondentu izprot, ka hiperglikēmijas rezultātā var attīstīties tāda komplikācija, ka nefropātija. Vislielākais respondetu skaits (100%) zina par cukura pārpilnības bīstamību asinīs, par sirds un asinsvadu slimību attīstības risku. Tas nozīmē, ka iespējams, ģimenes ārstu praksē pacientiem piemin par iespējamām 2.tipa cukura diabēta agrīnām un vēlīnām komplikācijam un to sekām.
Lielākai respondentu daļai (68%) nav izpratnes par to, ka nepietiekamās asinsapgādes rezultāta var attīstīties mutes dobuma slimības, veselu zobu izkrišana, ka arī gandrīz puse (36%) respondentu nezina, ka retinopātijas rezultātā var iestāties aklums. 1/3 responden nezina, ka acetona smaka no mutes, liecina var ketoacidozi. Tas nozīme, ka pacientiem trūkst informācijas par dažām 2.tipa cukura diabēta komlikācijām.
Vairāk nekā puse (64%) respondentu vienu vai vairākas reizes gadā apmeklē oftalmologu, un pārbauda acs tīklenes stāvokli, tas ir ļoti labs rādītājs, jo tas aizkāvē diabētiskās retinopātijas progresēšanu. 40% respondentu izprot nepieciešamību konsultēties ar ārstu, profilaktiskos nolūkos, lai izvairītos no sirds un asinsvadu saslimšanas riska. Tas nozīme, ka respondenti saprot, par šo komplikāciju bīstamību. Liels respondentu skaits veic kāju un pēdu kopšanas pasākumus mājas apstākļos katru dienu, tas nozīmē, ka respondentiem iz izpratne par
Profilaktiskajiem pasākumiem un to nepieciešamību. Iespējams informāciju respondenti guva no informatīvajiem bukletiem, ģimenes ārsta praksē vai ari no masu mēdijiem.
Gandrīz puse (42%) respondentu neveic nekādus pasākumus hiperglikēmijas novēršanai, tas ir slikts rādītājs, jo respondenti neapzinās par tās iespējamām bīstamām sekām. Vairāk par pusi ( 79%) respondentu nev
Abstract The bachelor's thesis “Understanding of patients with type 2 diabetes about possible early and late complications and their prevention” investigated the patients' understanding of the complications of type 2 diabetes and their preventive measures. Today, the number of diabetic patients is growing rapidly every year, not only in Latvia, but also around the world. According to the data of the Diabetes Register, 67,683 patients were registered in Latvia in 2009, but in 2015, 86,941 patients with diabetes were registered in Latvia, of which 82,190 patients with type 2 diabetes. (Astamirova, H. 2013) Quantitative research method - survey - was used to obtain research data. The author's semi-structured questionnaire "Understanding of patients with type 2 diabetes with possible early and late complications and their prevention" was used as a research tool. The questionnaire consists of 30 questions, which were divided into 4 parts with a different purpose of the interview with the proposed answer options. The study involved 100 respondents aged 48 to 80 years. The largest number of respondents (82%) understand that the main causes of hypoglycaemia are an excessive dose of insulin, a delayed meal, and excessive physical activity. Also, the majority (79%) of respondents understand that hyperglycemia can lead to a complication such as nephropathy. The largest number of respondents (100%) know about the dangers of blood sugar, the risk of developing cardiovascular disease. This means that in the practice of GPs, patients are mentioned about the possible early and late complications of type 2 diabetes and their consequences. The majority of respondents (68%) do not understand that insufficient blood supply can lead to oral diseases, tooth loss, and almost half 1/3 do not know that retinopathy can lead to blindness. 1/3 of respondents do not know that the smell of acetone from the mouth indicates may be ketoacidosis. This means that patients do not have enough information abot 2. Type diabete complications. More than half (64%) of the respondents visit an ophthalmologist once or several times a year and check the condition of the retina of the eye, which is a very good indicator because it delays the progression of diabetic retinopathy. 40% of respondents understand the need to consult a doctor for preventive purposes to avoid the risk of cardiovascular disease. This means that respondents understand the dangers of these complications. A large number of respondents perform foot and foot care activities at home every day, which means that respondents have an understanding of Preventive measures and their need. It is possible that the respondents obtained information from informative booklets, family doctor's practice or also from the mass media. Almost half (42%) of the respondents do not take any measures to prevent hyperglycemia, which is a bad indicator because the respondents are not aware of its possible dangerous consequences. More than half (79
Abstract The bachelor's thesis “Understanding of patients with type 2 diabetes about possible early and late complications and their prevention” investigated the patients' understanding of the complications of type 2 diabetes and their preventive measures. Today, the number of diabetic patients is growing rapidly every year, not only in Latvia, but also around the world. According to the data of the Diabetes Register, 67,683 patients were registered in Latvia in 2009, but in 2015, 86,941 patients with diabetes were registered in Latvia, of which 82,190 patients with type 2 diabetes. (Astamirova, H. 2013) Quantitative research method - survey - was used to obtain research data. The author's semi-structured questionnaire "Understanding of patients with type 2 diabetes with possible early and late complications and their prevention" was used as a research tool. The questionnaire consists of 30 questions, which were divided into 4 parts with a different purpose of the interview with the proposed answer options. The study involved 100 respondents aged 48 to 80 years. The largest number of respondents (82%) understand that the main causes of hypoglycaemia are an excessive dose of insulin, a delayed meal, and excessive physical activity. Also, the majority (79%) of respondents understand that hyperglycemia can lead to a complication such as nephropathy. The largest number of respondents (100%) know about the dangers of blood sugar, the risk of developing cardiovascular disease. This means that in the practice of GPs, patients are mentioned about the possible early and late complications of type 2 diabetes and their consequences. The majority of respondents (68%) do not understand that insufficient blood supply can lead to oral diseases, tooth loss, and almost half 1/3 do not know that retinopathy can lead to blindness. 1/3 of respondents do not know that the smell of acetone from the mouth indicates may be ketoacidosis. This means that patients do not have enough information abot 2. Type diabete complications. More than half (64%) of the respondents visit an ophthalmologist once or several times a year and check the condition of the retina of the eye, which is a very good indicator because it delays the progression of diabetic retinopathy. 40% of respondents understand the need to consult a doctor for preventive purposes to avoid the risk of cardiovascular disease. This means that respondents understand the dangers of these complications. A large number of respondents perform foot and foot care activities at home every day, which means that respondents have an understanding of Preventive measures and their need. It is possible that the respondents obtained information from informative booklets, family doctor's practice or also from the mass media. Almost half (42%) of the respondents do not take any measures to prevent hyperglycemia, which is a bad indicator because the respondents are not aware of its possible dangerous consequences. More than half (79
Description
Māszinības (ar specializāciju Ambulatorās aprūpes māsa)
Nursing Studies
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care
Nursing Studies
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care
Keywords
2. tipa cukura diabēts, agrīnās un cukura diabēta komplikācijas, vēlīnās cukura diabēta komplikācijas, 2. tipa cukura diabēta komplikāciju profilakse., type 2 diabetes, early and complications of diabetes, complications of late diabetes, prevention of complications of type 2 diabetes.