Osteoporoze un zobu implantāti
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Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte
Rīga Stradiņš University
Rīga Stradiņš University
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Pamatojums: Osteoporoze ir skeletāla saslimšana, kam raksturīgs samazināts kaulu minerālais blīvums. Pieaugot pasaules iedzīvotāju dzīvildzei, pieaug arī to pacientu skaits, kam ir novērojams samazināts KMB un kam ir nepieciešama zobu aizvietošana, t.sk., arī ar zobu implantātiem pilnīga vai daļēja zobu trūkuma dēļ. Attiecīgi ir svarīgi noskaidrot osteoporozes ietekmi uz žokļa kauliem un zobu implantātiem.
Darba mērķis: Noteikt vai osteoporoze ietekmē žokļa kaula rezorbciju, zobu implantātu ievietošanas iespējamību, veiksmi un izdzīvošanu sievietēm pēcmenopauzes vecumā.
Darba metodes: Zinātniskā literatūra tika meklēta Rīgas Stradiņa universitātes abonētajās e-datubāzēs: Science Direct, PubMed, EBSCO host, Clinical Key. Tika meklēti sistemātiskie pārskati, klīniskie pētījumi, randomizēti pētījumi.
Pētījumā tika iekļautas 128 sievietes pēcmenopauzes vecumā ar bezzobu žokļiem. Pacientēm tika veikta koniskā stara datortomogrāfija (KSDT) un duālās enerģijas rentgenstaru absorbciometrijas (DEXA) izmeklējums. Atbilstoši sliktākajam T rādītājam pacientes tika iedalītas osteoporozes, osteopēnijas vai normāla KMB grupās. Lai noteiktu alveolārā kaula augstumu un platumu un izvērtētu zobu implantātu ievietošanas iespējamību, šķērsgriezuma KSDT attēlos tika analizēti seši apakšžokļa rajoni (laterālo incizīvu, pirmo premolāru, pirmo molāru) un astoņi augšžokļa rajoni (centrālo incizīvu, kanīnu, pirmo premolāru un pirmo molāru). Mērījumus veica viena persona divas reizes ar divu nedēļu intervālu. ANOVA variāciju analīze tika izmantota starpgrupu salīdzināšanai.
Rezultāti: Tika analizēti 24 zinātniskie raksti ar mērķi noteikt osteoporozes potenciālo ietekmi uz implantātu izdzīvošanas un veiksmes rādītājiem, kā arī alveolārā kaula rezorbcijas apjomu. Pētījumi par zobu implantātu izdzīvošanu uzrādīja līdzīgus rezultātus pacientēm pēcmenopauzes vecumā ar un bez osteoporozes. Arī implantātu veiksmes rādītāji pacientēm ar osteoporozi nebija sliktāki kā pacientēm bez osteoporozes. Pētījumi, kas analizē saistību starp alveolārā kaula rezorbciju un KMB, uzrāda dažādus rezultātus.
Tika konstatēts, ka augšžokļa labās puses pirmā premolāra un kreisās puses centrālā incizīva rajonā alveolārā kaula platums ir mazāks osteoporozes (3,25 ± 1,87; 2,90 ± 1,31) nekā normālā KMB (3,99 ± 2,30; 3,49 ± 1,37) grupā (p = 0,030; p = 0,035). Arī apakšžokļa kreisās puses puses laterālā incizīva un pirmā molāra rajonā alveolārā kaula platums ir mazāks osteoporozes (4,96 ± 2,55 ; 5,95 ± 3,06) nekā normālā KMB (5,85 ± 2,09; 8,03 ± 3,69) grupā (p = 0,015; p = 0,038). Osteoporozes grupā tika novērota tendence uz mazāku potenciāli ievietojamo implantātu skaitu gan priekšzobu, gan sānu zobu rajonos augšžoklī un apakšžoklī, salīdzinot ar normālā KMB grupu, taču atšķirība starp šīm grupām nebija statistiski nozīmīga (p > 0,05).
Secinājumi: Pēcmenopauzes osteoporoze nav noteicošais faktors implantātu ievietošanas iespējamībai un izteiktākai alveolārā kaula rezorbcijai bezzobu žokļos.
Background: Osteoporosis is a systemic bone disease characterized by reduced bone mineral density. As the life expectancy of the world population increases, so does the number of patients with reduced BMD who require tooth replacement, including with dental implants, due to complete or partial loss of teeth. Accordingly, it is important to clarify the effects of osteoporosis on jawbones and dental implants. Objective: To assess whether osteoporosis impacts the resorption of jaw bone, as well as to evaluate the feasibility of dental implant placement and their rates of success and survival in postmenopausal women. Methods: Scientific literature was searched in e-databases subscribed to Riga Stradins University: Science Direct, PubMed, EBSCO host, Clinical Key. Systematic reviews, clinical and randomized trials were searched. The study included 128 postmenopausal women with edentulous jaws. Patients underwent cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and dual x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) examination. According to the worst T score, patients were divided into three groups - osteoporosis, osteopenia, normal BMD. To determine the height and width of the alveolar bone and to evaluate the feasibility of implant placement, six regions of the mandible (lateral incisors, first premolars, first molars) and eight regions of the maxilla (central incisors, canines, first premolars, first molars) were analyzed in cross-sectional CBCT images. Measurements were made by the same person twice with a two week interval. ANOVA analysis of variance was used for between-group comparisons. Results: 24 scientific articles were analyzed to determine the effect of osteoporosis on implant survival and success rates, and the extent of alveolar bone resorption. Studies of dental implant survival have shown similar results in postmenopausal patients with and without osteoporosis. Implant success rates in patients with osteoporosis were not worse than in patients without osteoporosis. Studies analyzing the relationship between alveolar bone resorption and BMD show mixed results. In this study it was found that in the region of the maxillary right first premolar and left central incisor, the alveolar bone width is smaller in osteoporosis (3.25 ± 1.87; 2.90 ± 1.31) than in normal BMD (3.99 ± 2.30; 3.49 ± 1.37) group (p = 0.030; p = 0.035). Also, in the region of the lateral incisor and first molar of the lower jaw, the width of the alveolar bone is smaller in osteoporosis (4.96 ± 2.55; 5.95 ± 3.06) than in normal BMD (5.85 ± 2.09; 8.03 ± 3.69) group (p = 0.015; p = 0.038). There was a tendecy toward lower feasibility of implant placement in the maxillary and mandibular regions in osteoporosis group than in normal BMD group, but the difference between these groups was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Postmenopausal osteoporosis is not a determining factor for the feasibility of implant placement and more pronounced resorption of alveolar bone in edentulous jaws.
Background: Osteoporosis is a systemic bone disease characterized by reduced bone mineral density. As the life expectancy of the world population increases, so does the number of patients with reduced BMD who require tooth replacement, including with dental implants, due to complete or partial loss of teeth. Accordingly, it is important to clarify the effects of osteoporosis on jawbones and dental implants. Objective: To assess whether osteoporosis impacts the resorption of jaw bone, as well as to evaluate the feasibility of dental implant placement and their rates of success and survival in postmenopausal women. Methods: Scientific literature was searched in e-databases subscribed to Riga Stradins University: Science Direct, PubMed, EBSCO host, Clinical Key. Systematic reviews, clinical and randomized trials were searched. The study included 128 postmenopausal women with edentulous jaws. Patients underwent cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and dual x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) examination. According to the worst T score, patients were divided into three groups - osteoporosis, osteopenia, normal BMD. To determine the height and width of the alveolar bone and to evaluate the feasibility of implant placement, six regions of the mandible (lateral incisors, first premolars, first molars) and eight regions of the maxilla (central incisors, canines, first premolars, first molars) were analyzed in cross-sectional CBCT images. Measurements were made by the same person twice with a two week interval. ANOVA analysis of variance was used for between-group comparisons. Results: 24 scientific articles were analyzed to determine the effect of osteoporosis on implant survival and success rates, and the extent of alveolar bone resorption. Studies of dental implant survival have shown similar results in postmenopausal patients with and without osteoporosis. Implant success rates in patients with osteoporosis were not worse than in patients without osteoporosis. Studies analyzing the relationship between alveolar bone resorption and BMD show mixed results. In this study it was found that in the region of the maxillary right first premolar and left central incisor, the alveolar bone width is smaller in osteoporosis (3.25 ± 1.87; 2.90 ± 1.31) than in normal BMD (3.99 ± 2.30; 3.49 ± 1.37) group (p = 0.030; p = 0.035). Also, in the region of the lateral incisor and first molar of the lower jaw, the width of the alveolar bone is smaller in osteoporosis (4.96 ± 2.55; 5.95 ± 3.06) than in normal BMD (5.85 ± 2.09; 8.03 ± 3.69) group (p = 0.015; p = 0.038). There was a tendecy toward lower feasibility of implant placement in the maxillary and mandibular regions in osteoporosis group than in normal BMD group, but the difference between these groups was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Postmenopausal osteoporosis is not a determining factor for the feasibility of implant placement and more pronounced resorption of alveolar bone in edentulous jaws.
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Zobārstniecība
Dentistry
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care
Dentistry
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care