Fizioterapeitu pieredze par uz personu vērsta rehabilitācijas mērķa uzstādīšanu personām ar komunikācijas un kognitīviem traucējumiem pēc saslimšanas ar insultu: kvalitatīvs pētījums
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Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte
Rīga Stradiņš University
Rīga Stradiņš University
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ANOTĀCIJA
Aktualitāte. Insults ir viens no izplatītākajiem neiroloģiskajiem veselības traucējumiem pasaulē, kas bieži izraisa ilgstošus funkcionālus ierobežojumus, tostarp komunikācijas un kognitīvās spējas traucējumus. Šie traucējumi būtiski apgrūtina pacienta spēju aktīvi iesaistīties rehabilitācijas procesā, tādēļ fizioterapeita uzdevums kļūst daudz sarežģītāks. Mūsdienu rehabilitācijas praksē arvien lielāka uzmanība tiek pievērsta uz personu vērstai pieejai, kuras būtība ir pacienta individuālo vajadzību, vērtību un mērķu integrēšana terapijā. Tomēr šīs pieejas īstenošana praksē - īpaši pacientiem ar afāziju vai smagiem kognitīviem traucējumiem - prasa īpašas stratēģijas, elastību un augstu profesionālo kompetenci.
Darba mērķis ir izpētīt fizioterapeitu pieredzi par uz personu vērsta rehabilitācijas mērķa uzstādīšanu personām ar komunikācijas un kognitīviem traucējumiem pēc saslimšanas ar insultu, akcentējot gan praktiskos izaicinājumus, gan pielietotās stratēģijas.
Pētījuma metodes. Pētījums veikts, izmantojot kvalitatīvās pētniecības dizainu – interpretatīvo fenomenoloģisko analīzi. Datu vākšanai izmantotas daļēji strukturētas intervijas ar astoņiem fizioterapeitiem, kuri strādā ar pacientiem pēc insulta gan akūtā, gan subakūtā rehabilitācijas posmā. Iegūtie dati tika transkribēti, kodēti un analizēti, izdalot tematiskās vienības.
Rezultāti atklāja astoņas tematiskas vienības, kurās iezīmējās fizioterapeitu pieredze, piemēram, pacienta līdzdalības iespējas, komunikācijas stratēģijas, multidisciplinārā sadarbība, motivācijas trūkums, ģimenes loma, tehnoloģiju pielietošana, profesionālās pilnveides vajadzības un pacientcentrētas pieejas pielietošana praksē. Tika konstatēts, ka uz pacientu vērsta pieeja praksē bieži tiek īstenota intuitīvi. Īpaši būtiska bija alternatīvo komunikācijas metožu pielietošana un terapeita spēja kļūt par aktīvu motivatoru, kas palīdz pacientam saglabāt līdzdalību mērķu noteikšanā.
Secinājumi. Latvijā praktizējošu fizioterapeitu pieredze rāda, ka uz personu vērsta rehabilitācijas mērķa uzstādīšana pacientiem ar komunikācijas un kognitīviem traucējumiem pēc insulta ir iespējama, taču sarežģīta. Mērķu formulēšana bieži tiek balstīta uz fizioterapeita novērojumiem, jo pacienta aktīva līdzdalība ir ierobežota. Uz personu vērsta pieeja praksē visbiežāk tiek īstenota empīriski, bez konkrētas teorētiskas struktūras, izmantojot profesionālo intuīciju un individuāli pielāgotas stratēģijas. Fizioterapeiti pielieto alternatīvas komunikācijas metodes - vizuālos palīglīdzekļus, atkārtotus skaidrojumus un tuvinieku iesaisti - lai veicinātu pacientu iesaisti mērķu izvirzīšanā. Speciālisti apzinās nepieciešamību pēc metodoloģiskiem instrumentiem un strukturētām apmācībām, lai uzlabotu profesionālo kompetenci šajā jomā.
Background. Stroke is one of the most common neurological health conditions globally and often results in long-term functional impairments, including communication and cognitive difficulties. These impairments significantly hinder a patient’s ability to actively participate in the rehabilitation process, making the role of the physiotherapist considerably more complex. In modern rehabilitation practice, increasing attention is being paid to person-centered care, which emphasizes the integration of the patient’s individual needs, values, and goals into the therapy process. However, implementing this approach in practice - especially for patients with aphasia or severe cognitive impairments - requires specific strategies, adaptability, and a high level of professional competence. The aim of this study is to explore physiotherapists’ experiences in setting person-centered rehabilitation goals for individuals with communication and cognitive impairments following a stroke, highlighting both practical challenges and applied strategies. Methods. This study applied a qualitative research design using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with eight physiotherapists working with post-stroke patients in acute and subacute rehabilitation stages. The interviews were transcribed, coded, and thematically analyzed. The results revealed eight thematic units that reflect the physiotherapists’ experiences: patient involvement in goal setting, communication strategies, multidisciplinary collaboration, lack of motivation, the role of family, use of technology, need for professional development, and the application of person-centered care in practice. It was found that the person-centered approach is often applied intuitively, though its structured implementation is still in development. The use of alternative communication methods and the therapist’s role as an active motivator were especially crucial in maintaining patient engagement and progress toward goals. Conclusions. Practicing physiotherapists in Latvia acknowledge that person-centered goal setting in post-stroke rehabilitation for patients with communication and cognitive impairments is feasible but complex, as it often relies on the therapist’s observations rather than direct patient dialogue. Active patient involvement is limited, making alternative communication methods - visual aids, demonstrations, and family participation - essential components. The absence of clear methodological guidelines and theoretical models leads therapists to depend on their intuition and experience, while recognizing the need for regular, structured training. To improve goal-setting practices and enhance patient engagement, the development of standardized protocols and targeted professional development programs is required.
Background. Stroke is one of the most common neurological health conditions globally and often results in long-term functional impairments, including communication and cognitive difficulties. These impairments significantly hinder a patient’s ability to actively participate in the rehabilitation process, making the role of the physiotherapist considerably more complex. In modern rehabilitation practice, increasing attention is being paid to person-centered care, which emphasizes the integration of the patient’s individual needs, values, and goals into the therapy process. However, implementing this approach in practice - especially for patients with aphasia or severe cognitive impairments - requires specific strategies, adaptability, and a high level of professional competence. The aim of this study is to explore physiotherapists’ experiences in setting person-centered rehabilitation goals for individuals with communication and cognitive impairments following a stroke, highlighting both practical challenges and applied strategies. Methods. This study applied a qualitative research design using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with eight physiotherapists working with post-stroke patients in acute and subacute rehabilitation stages. The interviews were transcribed, coded, and thematically analyzed. The results revealed eight thematic units that reflect the physiotherapists’ experiences: patient involvement in goal setting, communication strategies, multidisciplinary collaboration, lack of motivation, the role of family, use of technology, need for professional development, and the application of person-centered care in practice. It was found that the person-centered approach is often applied intuitively, though its structured implementation is still in development. The use of alternative communication methods and the therapist’s role as an active motivator were especially crucial in maintaining patient engagement and progress toward goals. Conclusions. Practicing physiotherapists in Latvia acknowledge that person-centered goal setting in post-stroke rehabilitation for patients with communication and cognitive impairments is feasible but complex, as it often relies on the therapist’s observations rather than direct patient dialogue. Active patient involvement is limited, making alternative communication methods - visual aids, demonstrations, and family participation - essential components. The absence of clear methodological guidelines and theoretical models leads therapists to depend on their intuition and experience, while recognizing the need for regular, structured training. To improve goal-setting practices and enhance patient engagement, the development of standardized protocols and targeted professional development programs is required.
Description
Fizioterapija
Physiotherapy
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care
Physiotherapy
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care