Chemicals of concern of household products

Abstract

Exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from household products has raised increasing concerns regarding the potential health effects. In European residences, more than 65 VOCs have been identified, many of which are linked to respiratory, neurological and carcinogenic outcomes. In China, almost everyone in major cities face a lifetime cancer risk above acceptable threshold of 10-4 due to VOCs. This literature review examined the relationship between long-term VOC exposure and adverse health outcomes, especially depression and cancer risk. The study synthesizes data from peer-reviewed research, highlighting key VOCs such as formaldehyde, benzene, toluene, acetone, and limonene, which are commonly found in indoor environments. Inhalation was identified as the primary exposure route, with dermal absorption also contributing to systemic absorption. Research papers were collected using systematic searches in PubMed and Elsevier, focused towards studies published between 2020-2025. Only peer-reviewed studies with household exposure and health effects were included, while occupational studies were excluded.

The aim of thesis was to assess the risk of depression and cancer risk related to exposure to specific VOCs present in household chemicals. Findings indicated a significant correlation between VOC exposure and increased risk of depression, particularly through compounds like acrylonitrile and butadiene, with gender-specific differences in susceptibility. Furthermore, formaldehyde exposure was consistently associated with a higher risk of leukemia, as seen by epidemiological data from various regions. Global comparisons revealed disparities in VOC regulations, with exposure levels being substantially higher in China compared to the United States and Europe. The study emphasized the need for stricter regulatory policies, public awareness initiatives, and technological advancements to reduce VOC exposure. Recommendations include improved ventilation, usage of low-VOC products, and targeted interventions to reduce exposure in vulnerable populations. By addressing these concerns through a multidisciplinary approach, the long-term health risks of VOCs can be significantly reduced.

Conclusion: The work hypothesis was partly proven, with evidence supporting associations between VOCs, depression and cancer risk. However, further longitudinal studies are necessary.