Effect of Shift Work on Mental Health of Healthcare Professionals
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Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte
Rīga Stradiņš University
Rīga Stradiņš University
Kopsavilkums
Priekšvēsture: Literatūras apskats, kurā aplūkota maiņu darba ietekme uz veselības aprūpes speciālistu garīgo veselību. Daudziem veselības aprūpes speciālistiem ir jāstrādā maiņās, lai sabiedrība varētu garantēt nepārtrauktus veselības aprūpes pakalpojumus un pacientu aprūpi visu diennakti, kas ietver darbu arī nakts stundās. Cirkadiānā ritma novirze ir svarīgs mentālo traucējumu cēlonis. Neatbilstība izraisa hormonu desinhronizāciju, kas aktivizē baiļu sistēmu un kavē atalgojuma sistēmu, izraisot neparastas reakcijas uz stresu. Savukārt stress izraisa miega traucējumus, kas ir daudzu garīgu traucējumu diagnostiskais kritērijs. Maiņu darbs ir saistīts arī ar sociālo izolāciju, jo maiņu darbinieki guļ neraksturīgā diennakts laikā. Tas var radīt izaicinājumus līdzsvarot dzīvi ārpus darba, piemēram, attiecības ar ģimeni un draugiem. Garīgās veselības problēmas bieži rodas vienlaikus ar cirkadiānā ritma novirzi, un ir vērojama divvirzienu savstarpējā saistība.
Mērķis: iepazīstināt ar to, kā maiņu darbs ietekmē cirkadiānā ritma novirzes un veselības aprūpes speciālistu garīgo veselību, un kādus riska faktorus maiņu darbs izraisa darbinieka garīgajai veselībai.
Uzdevumi: iepazīstināt, analizēt un salīdzināt esošo aktuālo informāciju par maiņu darba ietekmi uz veselības aprūpes speciālistu garīgo veselību un ar maiņu darbu saistītiem riska faktoriem pēdējo 10 gadu laikā, un norādīt uz jaunatklāto informāciju.
Rezultāti un secinājums: Ir labi zināmi bioloģiskie cirkadiānā ritma mehānismi un tā nepieciešamība, lai uzturētu ķermeņa homeostāzi. Strādājot naktī, diennakts ritms tiek novirzīts, kas negatīvi ietekmē garīgo veselību. Maiņu darbinieki ir vairāk pakļauti maiņu darba miega traucējumiem, īpaši veselības aprūpes speciālisti, kuri strādā nakts maiņās. Pārmērīgas darba stundas ir saistītas ar depresijas attīstību. Savukārt daži pētījumi atklāja, ka nav atšķirības starp depresiju un darba tipoloģijām. Netika atrasta neviena saistība starp trauksmi un darba tipoloģijām, bet predisponējošais faktors bija darbs vairāk nekā 60 stundas nedēļā. Veselības aprūpes darbinieki, kas strādā nakts maiņās, cieš vairāk no bezmiega un noguruma nekā dienas maiņu darbinieki. Tiek uzskatīts, ka diennakts ritma novirze ir saistīta ar bipolāro traucējumu patofizioloģiju. Diennakts ritma traucējumi ir saistīti arī ar šizofrēnijas simptomu smagumu, un diennakts novirze ir izplatīts šizofrēnijas prodroms. Pārmērīgas un neregulāras darba stundas, garas un neparedzamas darba maiņas ir darba vides stresa faktori, kuri predisponē suicidālu iznākumu.
Background: Literature review examining the effect of shift work on mental health of healthcare professionals. Many healthcare professionals must work in shifts so that society can guarantee continuous healthcare services and patient care around the clock. This means also working at nighttime. Circadian rhythm misalignment is the important cause of mental disorders. Misalignment causes desynchronization of hormones which activate the fear system and inhibit the reward system, leading to abnormal responses to stress. Stress in turn causes sleeping disturbances which is the diagnostic criteria for many mental disorders. Shift work is also associated with social isolation when shift workers must sleep at odd times of the day. This can create challenging to balance life outside of the work for example to relationship with family and friends. Mental health problems are often occurring concomitantly with circadian misalignment, and interrelationship between them is considered as bidirectional. Aim: The aim of this literature review is to introduce how shift work effect on circadian misalignment and mental health of healthcare professionals, and what kind of risk factors shift work causes for mental health. Tasks: The task of this literature review is to introduce, analyse, and compare the topical existing information about shift work effect on mental health of healthcare professionals and risk factors related to shift work, in past 10 years, and to point out what new information is found. Methodology: Literature review is based on the topical scientific research articles, studies, and journal articles, as well as publications on evidence-based databases, which are published within past 10 years. Results and conclusion: There are well-known biological mechanisms behind the circadian rhythm and how this is built to maintain homeostasis of the body. Working at night set the circadian clock to misalignment which has negatively effect on mental health. Shift workers are more susceptible to have shift work sleep disorder, especially healthcare professionals who work night shifts. Working excessive hours is associated with development of depression. In turn, some studies found that there is not difference between depression and work typologies. Neither association was found between anxiety and work typologies, but predisposing factor was working over 60 hours per week. Healthcare workers who work night shifts suffer more insomnia and fatigue than daily workers. Circadian misalignment is thought to be involved in the pathophysiology of bipolar disease. Disruption of circadian rhythm is also linked to severity of schizophrenia symptoms and circadian misalignment is a common prodrome of schizophrenia. Excessive and irregular working hours, long and unpredictable working shifts are job stressors which predispose also for suicides.
Background: Literature review examining the effect of shift work on mental health of healthcare professionals. Many healthcare professionals must work in shifts so that society can guarantee continuous healthcare services and patient care around the clock. This means also working at nighttime. Circadian rhythm misalignment is the important cause of mental disorders. Misalignment causes desynchronization of hormones which activate the fear system and inhibit the reward system, leading to abnormal responses to stress. Stress in turn causes sleeping disturbances which is the diagnostic criteria for many mental disorders. Shift work is also associated with social isolation when shift workers must sleep at odd times of the day. This can create challenging to balance life outside of the work for example to relationship with family and friends. Mental health problems are often occurring concomitantly with circadian misalignment, and interrelationship between them is considered as bidirectional. Aim: The aim of this literature review is to introduce how shift work effect on circadian misalignment and mental health of healthcare professionals, and what kind of risk factors shift work causes for mental health. Tasks: The task of this literature review is to introduce, analyse, and compare the topical existing information about shift work effect on mental health of healthcare professionals and risk factors related to shift work, in past 10 years, and to point out what new information is found. Methodology: Literature review is based on the topical scientific research articles, studies, and journal articles, as well as publications on evidence-based databases, which are published within past 10 years. Results and conclusion: There are well-known biological mechanisms behind the circadian rhythm and how this is built to maintain homeostasis of the body. Working at night set the circadian clock to misalignment which has negatively effect on mental health. Shift workers are more susceptible to have shift work sleep disorder, especially healthcare professionals who work night shifts. Working excessive hours is associated with development of depression. In turn, some studies found that there is not difference between depression and work typologies. Neither association was found between anxiety and work typologies, but predisposing factor was working over 60 hours per week. Healthcare workers who work night shifts suffer more insomnia and fatigue than daily workers. Circadian misalignment is thought to be involved in the pathophysiology of bipolar disease. Disruption of circadian rhythm is also linked to severity of schizophrenia symptoms and circadian misalignment is a common prodrome of schizophrenia. Excessive and irregular working hours, long and unpredictable working shifts are job stressors which predispose also for suicides.
Description
Medicīna
Medicine
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care
Medicine
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care