SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence: šķērsgriezuma pētījums 2023. gada beigās
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Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte
Rīga Stradiņš University
Rīga Stradiņš University
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Ievads. SARS-CoV-2 pandēmija būtiski ietekmējusi iedzīvotāju veselību, dzīvesveidu un
psiholoģisko labklājību. Organisma imūnā atbilde, kas veidojas pēc saskares ar vīrusu vai
vakcinācijas, ir nozīmīga pūļa imunitātes veidošanā, lai samazinātu pandēmijas nelabvēlīgo
ietekmi. Lai izvērtētu cilvēku imunitāti pret vīrusu, pasaulē plaši tiek veikti SARS-Cov-2
seroprevalences pētījumi. Tie palīdz objektīvi izvērtēt dabīgās imunitātes noturību un patieso
slimības izplatību, kā arī veicina sabiedrības izglītošanu, noliedzot maldīgu pārliecību, ka
subjektīva slimības pieredze pasargā no atkārtotas infekcijas. Līdz ar to darba mērķis bija
izpētīt cilvēku subjektīvā novērtējuma, par Covid-19 infekcijas statusu, atbilstību ar
objektīviem Covid-19 infekcijas antivielu testu rezultātiem.
Metodes. Šķērsgriezuma pētījumā tika atlasīti pacienti, kuriem tika noteiktas
anti-SARS-CoV-2 antivielas pret vīrusa N proteīnu Fundamentālo un lietišķo pētījumu projekta
ietvaros laika periodā no 2023. gada marta līdz decembrim. Vienlaicīgi tika veikta anketēšana
Covid-19 slimības subjektīvā statusa un vakcinācijas statusa novērtēšanai. Seropozitivitāte tika
definēta kā pozitīvi IgM un/vai IgG antivielu testi. Dati analizēti Microsoft Excel 2016 un IBM
26.0 SPSS Statistics programmās. Izmantoti Hī kvadrāta un Fišera eksaktais tests,
Kruskola-Volisa tests un Manna Vitnija tests, Spīrmena rangu korelācija.
Rezultāti. Pētījumā piedalījās 46 dalībnieki, no kuriem 36 bija sievietes. Dalībnieku
vidējais vecums bija 54,7±16,6 gadi. Vakcinēti bija 28 cilvēki.
Puse no dalībniekiem apgalvoja, ka ir slimojuši ar Covid-19 slimību, 18 cilvēki apgalvoja,
ka nav slimojuši un pieci nespēja konkrēti novērtēt savu slimības statusu. Tika atklāta statistiski
nozīmīga saistība starp vakcinācijas statusu un sniegto slimības pašnovērtējumu (p<0,001).
Seropozitīvitāte tika noteikta 19 indivīdiem (41%), no kuriem tikai 10 (53%) apgalvoja,
ka bija slimojuši ar Covid-19. Attiecīgi seronegatīvi bija 27 cilvēki (59%), no kuriem tikai 11
(41%) apgalvoja, ka patiešām nav slimojuši ar Covid-19, savukārt, 13 cilvēki (48%), kuriem
antivielu nebija, bija pārliecināti, ka slimoja ar Covid-19. Saistība starp seropozitivitāti un
Covid-19 statusa pašnovērtējumu netika pierādīta (χ2=0,092, p=0,955). Dzimums un vecums
nebija saistīts ar antivielu līmeni un Covid-19 statusa pašnovērtējumu.
Secinājumi. Puse no dalībniekiem, neatkarīgi no vecuma un dzimuma, domāja, ka ir
slimojuši ar Covid-19, kas nesakrita ar antivielu testu rezultātiem, ko var izskaidrot ar
atcerēšanās kļūdu, asimptomātisku slimības norisi vai pārāk ilgu laika intervālu starp iespējamu
slimību un antivielu noteikšanu. Vakcinēto vidū biežāk tika novērota pārliecība, ka viņi nav
slimojuši ar Covid-19.
Objectives. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has significantly affected public health, lifestyle, and psychological well-being. The immune response of the body, developed after exposure to the virus or vaccination, plays a crucial role in establishing herd immunity to mitigate the adverse effects of the pandemic. To assess human immunity against the virus, SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence studies are widely conducted worldwide. These studies help objectively evaluate the persistence of natural immunity and the true spread of the disease while also contributing to public education by dispelling the misconception that subjective experience of illness provides protection against reinfection. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the concordance between individuals' subjective assessment of their COVID-19 infection status and the objective results of COVID-19 antibody tests. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted, selecting patients who were tested for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies against the viral N protein as part of a Fundamental and Applied Research project from March to December 2023. Simultaneously, a survey was conducted to assess subjective disease status and COVID-19 vaccination status. Seropositivity was defined as a positive IgM and/or IgG antibody test. Data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2016 and IBM SPSS Statistics 26.0. Statistical methods included the chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney test, and Spearman’s rank correlation. Results. The study included 46 participants, 36 of whom were women. The mean age of participants was 54.7±16.6 years. A total of 28 participants were vaccinated. Half of the participants reported having had COVID-19, while 18 participants claimed they had not been infected, and five were unsure about their infection status. A statistically significant association was found between vaccination status and self-reported disease status (p<0.001). Seropositivity was detected in 19 individuals (41%), of whom only 10 (53%) reported having had COVID-19. Conversely, 27 individuals (59%) were seronegative, among whom only 11 (41%) stated that they had not had COVID-19, while 13 individuals (48%) who lacked antibodies believed they had been infected. No significant association was found between seropositivity and self-reported COVID-19 status (χ2=0.092, p=0.955). Gender and age were not associated with antibody levels or self-reported COVID-19 status. Conclusions. Half of the participants, regardless of age and gender, believed they had contracted COVID-19, which did not align with antibody test results. This discrepancy may be explained by recall bias, asymptomatic infection, or a prolonged time interval between possible infection and antibody detection. Among vaccinated individuals, the belief that they had not had COVID-19 was more prevalent.
Objectives. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has significantly affected public health, lifestyle, and psychological well-being. The immune response of the body, developed after exposure to the virus or vaccination, plays a crucial role in establishing herd immunity to mitigate the adverse effects of the pandemic. To assess human immunity against the virus, SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence studies are widely conducted worldwide. These studies help objectively evaluate the persistence of natural immunity and the true spread of the disease while also contributing to public education by dispelling the misconception that subjective experience of illness provides protection against reinfection. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the concordance between individuals' subjective assessment of their COVID-19 infection status and the objective results of COVID-19 antibody tests. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted, selecting patients who were tested for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies against the viral N protein as part of a Fundamental and Applied Research project from March to December 2023. Simultaneously, a survey was conducted to assess subjective disease status and COVID-19 vaccination status. Seropositivity was defined as a positive IgM and/or IgG antibody test. Data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2016 and IBM SPSS Statistics 26.0. Statistical methods included the chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney test, and Spearman’s rank correlation. Results. The study included 46 participants, 36 of whom were women. The mean age of participants was 54.7±16.6 years. A total of 28 participants were vaccinated. Half of the participants reported having had COVID-19, while 18 participants claimed they had not been infected, and five were unsure about their infection status. A statistically significant association was found between vaccination status and self-reported disease status (p<0.001). Seropositivity was detected in 19 individuals (41%), of whom only 10 (53%) reported having had COVID-19. Conversely, 27 individuals (59%) were seronegative, among whom only 11 (41%) stated that they had not had COVID-19, while 13 individuals (48%) who lacked antibodies believed they had been infected. No significant association was found between seropositivity and self-reported COVID-19 status (χ2=0.092, p=0.955). Gender and age were not associated with antibody levels or self-reported COVID-19 status. Conclusions. Half of the participants, regardless of age and gender, believed they had contracted COVID-19, which did not align with antibody test results. This discrepancy may be explained by recall bias, asymptomatic infection, or a prolonged time interval between possible infection and antibody detection. Among vaccinated individuals, the belief that they had not had COVID-19 was more prevalent.
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Medicīna
Medicine
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care
Medicine
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care