Jaunumi melanomas imūnterapijā pēdējo 5 gadu laikā
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Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte
Rīga Stradiņš University
Rīga Stradiņš University
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Ievads: Turpinot augt melanomas veselības un ekonomiskajam slogam, svarīgi vērst uzmanību agrīnai melanomas diagnostikai, augsta riska pacientu grupu atpazīšanai un terapijas iespēju paplašināšanai. Melanomas terapija lielākoties ietver imūnterapiju, kas gadu mijā tiek pētīta un tiek paplašināts pieejamo medikamentu klāsts. Gan jaunas imūnterapijas veidu kombinācijas, gan imūnterapijas novitātes, kā audzēju infiltrējošo T limfocītu terapija, onokolītiskie vīrusi, uzrāda potenciālu melanomas ārstēšanas efektivitātes uzlabošanā.
Hipotēze: Nesenie sasniegumi melanomas imūnterapijas jomā pēdējo piecu gadu laikā ir ievērojami paplašinājuši un pilnveidojuši ārstēšanas iespējas, uzlabojot klīniskos rezultātus un mainot pašreizējo terapeitisko pieeju.
Mērķis: Pētījuma mērķis bija apkopot pēdējo piecu gadu laikā veiktās izmaiņas imūnterapijas vadlīnijās, apkopot melanomas terapijā izmantotās imūnterapijas veidus un imūnterapijas efektivitātes un drošības profila novērtējumus.
Materiāli un metodes: Literatūras apskats veidots, balstoties uz avotiem, kas tika atlasīti, pamatojoties uz iekļaušanas kritērijiem: pētījumi, kuros aplūkota melanomas ārstēšanas efektivitāte, ar terapiju saistītās blakusparādības un jaunas imūnterapijas stratēģijas; recenzēti klīniskie pētījumi, sistēmiskie pārskati angļu valodā. Izslēgšanas kritēriji ietvēra petījumus, kas attiecas uz ne-melanomas ādas audzējiem; nerecenzētas publikācijas; pirms 2019. gada publicēti klīniskie pētījumi; klīniskie pētījumi ar dalībnieku skaitu <50; pētījumi bērnu populācijā.
Secinājumi:
Tā kā audzēju infiltrējošo T limfocītu terapija ir saistīta ar kombinētu limfodeplēciju un IL-2 izmantošanu, tā ir asociēta ar augstu ar terapiju saistītu nevēlamu notikumu biežumu.
Audzēju infiltrējošo T limfocītu terapijai, tai skaitā, lifileucel, neskatoties uz tā toksicitātes profilu, ir augsts potenciāls melanomas ārstēšanā gadījumos, kad visas pieejamās metodes jau ir pielietotas un slimība progresējusi.
Imūnsistēmas kontrolpunktu terapijai šobrīd ir visvarīgākā loma melanomas imūnterapijā, kas ir pamatoti, jo pēdējo piecu gadu laikā publicētie klīniskie pētījumi uzrāda tās augstu efektivitāti, ilgtspējīgus rezultātus un dzīves kvalitātes uzlabošanos, neskatoties uz augsto nevēlamo ar terapiju saistīto notikumu biežumu.
Citokīnu terapijai uz šo brīdi melanomas imūnterapijā loma ir, galvenokārt, audzēju infiltrējošo T limfocītu terapijas sastāvā nevis monoterapijā vai kombinācijā ar citu terapijas veidu.
Lai gan pašreizējās imūnterapijas stratēģijas ir ievērojami uzlabojušas melanomas pacientu izdzīvošanas ilgumu, šie 5 gadu laika ietvaros publicētie klīniskie pētījumi un sistēmiskie pārskati liecina par plašu turpmākās izpētes loku.
Background: As the health and economic burden of melanoma continues to grow, it is important to focus on early diagnosis, recognition of high-risk melanoma and expanding treatment options. Melanoma therapy largely involves immunotherapy, which is being explored and the range of available drugs is being expanded. Both new combinations of immunotherapies and immunotherapeutic innovations such as tumour infiltrating lymphocyte therapy, oncolytic viruses, show potential for more effective treatment of melanoma. Hypothesis: Recent advances in melanoma immunotherapy over the last five years have significantly expanded and refined treatment options, improving clinical outcomes and changing the current therapeutic approach. Aim: The aim of the study was to summarise changes in immunotherapy guidelines over the last five years, to summarise the types of immunotherapy used in melanoma therapy and to assess the efficacy and safety profile of immunotherapy. Objective methods: The literature review was based on sources selected on the basis of inclusion criteria: studies addressing melanoma treatment efficacy, treatment-related side effects and new immunotherapy strategies; peer-reviewed clinical trials, systematic reviews in English. Exclusion criteria included trials related to non-melanoma skin tumours; non-peer-reviewed publications; clinical trials published before 2019; clinical trials with <50 participants; studies in paediatric population. Conclusion: As tumour infiltrating T lymphocyte therapy involves the combined use of lymphodepletion and IL-2, it is associated with a high incidence of treatment-related adverse events. Tumour infiltrating T lymphocyte therapy, including lifileucel, despite its toxicity profile, has high potential in the treatment of melanoma where all available treatments have been used and the disease has progressed. Immune checkpoint therapy currently has the most important role to play in the immunotherapy of melanoma, rightly so, as clinical trials published in the last five years show its high efficacy, sustainable outcomes and improved quality of life, despite the high incidence of treatment-related adverse events. Cytokine therapy currently plays a role in the immunotherapy of melanoma mainly as part of tumour infiltrating T lymphocyte therapy rather than as monotherapy or in combination with other therapies. Although current immunotherapeutic strategies have significantly improved the survival of melanoma patients, the clinical trials and systematic reviews published over a 5-year period suggest a wide scope for further research.
Background: As the health and economic burden of melanoma continues to grow, it is important to focus on early diagnosis, recognition of high-risk melanoma and expanding treatment options. Melanoma therapy largely involves immunotherapy, which is being explored and the range of available drugs is being expanded. Both new combinations of immunotherapies and immunotherapeutic innovations such as tumour infiltrating lymphocyte therapy, oncolytic viruses, show potential for more effective treatment of melanoma. Hypothesis: Recent advances in melanoma immunotherapy over the last five years have significantly expanded and refined treatment options, improving clinical outcomes and changing the current therapeutic approach. Aim: The aim of the study was to summarise changes in immunotherapy guidelines over the last five years, to summarise the types of immunotherapy used in melanoma therapy and to assess the efficacy and safety profile of immunotherapy. Objective methods: The literature review was based on sources selected on the basis of inclusion criteria: studies addressing melanoma treatment efficacy, treatment-related side effects and new immunotherapy strategies; peer-reviewed clinical trials, systematic reviews in English. Exclusion criteria included trials related to non-melanoma skin tumours; non-peer-reviewed publications; clinical trials published before 2019; clinical trials with <50 participants; studies in paediatric population. Conclusion: As tumour infiltrating T lymphocyte therapy involves the combined use of lymphodepletion and IL-2, it is associated with a high incidence of treatment-related adverse events. Tumour infiltrating T lymphocyte therapy, including lifileucel, despite its toxicity profile, has high potential in the treatment of melanoma where all available treatments have been used and the disease has progressed. Immune checkpoint therapy currently has the most important role to play in the immunotherapy of melanoma, rightly so, as clinical trials published in the last five years show its high efficacy, sustainable outcomes and improved quality of life, despite the high incidence of treatment-related adverse events. Cytokine therapy currently plays a role in the immunotherapy of melanoma mainly as part of tumour infiltrating T lymphocyte therapy rather than as monotherapy or in combination with other therapies. Although current immunotherapeutic strategies have significantly improved the survival of melanoma patients, the clinical trials and systematic reviews published over a 5-year period suggest a wide scope for further research.
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Medicīna
Medicine
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care
Medicine
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care
Atslēgas vārdi
Melanoma, imūnterapija, imūnsistēmas kontrolpunktu inhibitori, anti-PD-1, CTLA-4, LAG-3, adoptīvā šūnu pārnese, TIL, onkolītiskā vīrusu terapija, T-VEC, vēža imunoloģija., Melanoma, immunotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors, anti-PD-1, CTLA-4, LAG-3, adoptive cell transfer, TIL, oncolytic virus therapy, T-VEC, cancer immunology.