Trauksmes un ar bailēm saistīto traucējumu simptomu novērtēšanas skalu izstrāde pusaudžiem vecumā no 13 līdz 19 gadiem
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Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte
Rīga Stradiņš University
Rīga Stradiņš University
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Šī pētījuma mērķis bija izstrādāt trauksmes un ar bailēm saistīto traucējumu simptomu novērtēšanas skalas pusaudžiem vecumā no 13 līdz 19 gadiem. Trauksmes traucējumi ir vieni no biežāk sastopamajiem psihiskās veselības traucējumiem pusaudžu vidū (Benton et al., 2021; World Health Organization [WHO], 2024), taču Latvijā līdz šim nav izstrādāts pusaudžiem piemērots un uzticams instruments šo simptomu agrīnai atpazīšanai (Koļesņikova u.c., 2023). Balstoties uz ICD-11 klasifikatoru, tika izstrādātas piecas simptomu skalas: Ģeneralizētās trauksmes traucējumu, Panikas traucējumu, Agorafobijas, Sociālās trauksmes traucējumu un Specifiskas fobijas simptomu skalas. Lai sasniegtu pētījuma mērķi, tika formulēti septiņi pētnieciskie uzdevumi un jautājumi, kas vērsti uz izstrādāto skalu pantu satura un acīmredzamās pamatotības pārbaudi, to psihometrisko rādītāju analīzi, iekšējās saskaņotības novērtēšanu, konverģentās un kriteriālās pamatotības, kā arī faktoru analīzes veikšanu.
Pētījums tika īstenots vairākos posmos. Sagatavošanās posmā katram no traucējuma simptomiem vai pazīmēm tika formulēti vismaz četri iespējamie apgalvojumi un izveidota pantu melnraksta versija. Pēc tam tika pārbaudīta pantu satura pamatotība un panti vairākkārt tika uzlaboti ar sešu ekspertu iesaisti, kā rezulātā, tika izveidota pantu trešā versija. Pēc tās tika īstenots pilopētījums acīmredzamās pamatotības pārbaudei, kurā piedalījās pieci pusaudži – divi puiši un trīs meitenes vecumā no 15 līdz 18 gadiem (M = 16,4). Validizācijas pētījumā piedalījās 531 pusaudzis (M = 15,73, SD = 1,79) no vispārējās populācijas. Pēc datu apstrādes, tika veikta pantu psihometriskā analīze, noteikti skalu iekšējās saskaņotības rādītāji, konverģentā un kriteriālā pamatotība, kā arī pantu faktoru struktūra.
Rezultāti uzrādīja augstus pantu otrās versijas satura pamatotības rādītājus
(I-CVI ≥ 0,83). Pusaudžu auditorijai panti šķita saprotami un atbilstoši. Lielākā daļa pantu uzrādīja atbilstošus psihometriskos rādītājus, un visu skalu iekšējās saskaņotības rādītāji gan kopējām skalām, gan apakšskalu līmenī uzrādīja augstus rādītājus (α ≥ 0,70). Konverģentā pamatotība uzrādīja ciešu, pozitīvu un statistiski nozīmīgu saistību ar jau esošajiem instrumentiem (rₛ = 0,731 – 0,850), bet kriteriālās pamatotības rādītāji uzrādīja statistiski nozīmīgas atšķirības starp dalībniekiem, kuri uz kontroles jautājumu atbildēja apstiprinoši, un tiem, kuri atbildēja noliedzoši. Faktoru analīze apstiprināja paredzēto struktūru vairumā skalu, savukārt panikas skalā tika izgūti pieci faktori paredzēto divu faktoru vietā. Var secināt, ka izstrādātās skalas kopumā ir piemērotas pusaudžu trauksmes un ar bailēm saistīto traucējumu skrīningam, tomēr būtu nepieciešams veikt atkārtotu skalu pārbaudi klīniskajā grupā, kas palīdzētu izvērtēt, kuri panti no skalas ir jāizslēdz pavisam.
The aim of this study was to develop assessment scales for anxiety and fear-related disorder symptoms in adolescents aged 13 to 19. Anxiety disorders are among the most common mental health issues among adolescents (Benton et al., 2021; World Health Organization [WHO], 2024), yet in Latvia, there is currently no reliable and culturally appropriate instrument for the early detection of these symptoms in this age group (Koļesņikova et al., 2023). Based on the ICD-11 classification, five symptom scales were developed: Generalized anxiety disorder, Panic disorder, Agoraphobia, Social anxiety disorder, and Specific phobia symptom scales. To achieve the study’s aim, seven research tasks and questions were formulated, focusing on the content and face validity of the developed scale items, psychometric analysis, internal consistency, convergent and criterion validity, as well as factor analysis. The study was conducted in several stages. In the preparatory phase, at least four possible statements were formulated for each symptom, resulting in a draft version of the items. Content validity was reviewed and improved through the involvement of six experts (two certified clinical psychologists and four child psychiatrists) resulting in the third version of the items. A pilot study was then conducted to test face validity with five adolescents (two boys and three girls aged 15 – 18; M = 16.4). The validation study included 531 adolescents from the general population (M = 15.73, SD = 1.79), with data collected primarily in schools. After data processing, psychometric analyses of the items were conducted, including internal consistency, convergent and criterion validity, and factor structure evaluation. The results indicated high content validity for the second version of the items (I-CVI ≥ 0.83). Adolescents found the items understandable and appropriate. Most items showed good psychometric properties, although some items did not meet accepted norms for response and discrimination indices. Internal consistency for all scales and subscales was high (α ≥ 0.70). Convergent validity showed strong, positive, and statistically significant correlations with existing instruments (rₛ = 0.731 – 0.850), and criterion validity revealed significant differences between respondents who responded “yes” and those who responded “no” to the control item. Factor analysis confirmed the intended structure in most scales; however, the panic scale yielded five factors instead of the expected two. Overall, the developed scales appear suitable for screening anxiety and fear-related disorders in adolescents, though further validation in clinical populations is recommended to refine item selection.
The aim of this study was to develop assessment scales for anxiety and fear-related disorder symptoms in adolescents aged 13 to 19. Anxiety disorders are among the most common mental health issues among adolescents (Benton et al., 2021; World Health Organization [WHO], 2024), yet in Latvia, there is currently no reliable and culturally appropriate instrument for the early detection of these symptoms in this age group (Koļesņikova et al., 2023). Based on the ICD-11 classification, five symptom scales were developed: Generalized anxiety disorder, Panic disorder, Agoraphobia, Social anxiety disorder, and Specific phobia symptom scales. To achieve the study’s aim, seven research tasks and questions were formulated, focusing on the content and face validity of the developed scale items, psychometric analysis, internal consistency, convergent and criterion validity, as well as factor analysis. The study was conducted in several stages. In the preparatory phase, at least four possible statements were formulated for each symptom, resulting in a draft version of the items. Content validity was reviewed and improved through the involvement of six experts (two certified clinical psychologists and four child psychiatrists) resulting in the third version of the items. A pilot study was then conducted to test face validity with five adolescents (two boys and three girls aged 15 – 18; M = 16.4). The validation study included 531 adolescents from the general population (M = 15.73, SD = 1.79), with data collected primarily in schools. After data processing, psychometric analyses of the items were conducted, including internal consistency, convergent and criterion validity, and factor structure evaluation. The results indicated high content validity for the second version of the items (I-CVI ≥ 0.83). Adolescents found the items understandable and appropriate. Most items showed good psychometric properties, although some items did not meet accepted norms for response and discrimination indices. Internal consistency for all scales and subscales was high (α ≥ 0.70). Convergent validity showed strong, positive, and statistically significant correlations with existing instruments (rₛ = 0.731 – 0.850), and criterion validity revealed significant differences between respondents who responded “yes” and those who responded “no” to the control item. Factor analysis confirmed the intended structure in most scales; however, the panic scale yielded five factors instead of the expected two. Overall, the developed scales appear suitable for screening anxiety and fear-related disorders in adolescents, though further validation in clinical populations is recommended to refine item selection.
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Veselības psiholoģija
Health Psychology
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Psychology
Health Psychology
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Psychology