Antibiotic Resistance
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Date
2020
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte
Rīga Stradiņš University
Rīga Stradiņš University
Abstract
Ievads: Jau kopš antibakteriālo līdzekļu ieviešanas un tirdzniecības tas ir bijis balsts bakteriālo infekciju profilaksei un kontrolei. Sekojoši, plaša antibiotiku pielietošana un izplatība ir bijis tas virzītājspēks, lai rastos rezistentas baktērijas un tā sauktie superbugi. Tas apdraud ārstēšanas efektivitāti ar antibiotikām, kas nākotnē varētu nozīmēt antibiotiku beigas.
Mērķi: Šī apskata mērķis ir izpētīt provocējošos faktorus un iespējamās antibiotiku rezistences sekas. Tā kā antibiotiku rezistences veidošanās ir atzīta par problēmu visā pasaulē, šeit tiks pārbaudīti un novērtēti arī globālie rīcības plāni. Apskatā ir pievērsta uzmanība antibakteriālajai rezistencei, lai gan pastāv arī rezistence pret citiem mikroorganismiem.
Metodes: Pētniecība tika veikta 2019. gada septembrī, izmantojot datu bāzi PubMed. Tika izmantoti raksti, kas rakstīti pēdējo 10 gadu laikā angļu valodā. Pētījumā tika izmantoti dažādi MESH termini, ieskaitot “antibiotiku rezistence, bakteriālā” un “medikamentozā rezistence, mikrobiālā”. Tika pārskatīta virsrakstu piemērotība un svītroti tie, kas neatbilda šīm nolūkam. Nākamā atlase tika veikta, izlasot atlikušo rakstu kopsavilkumu. Tika veikts arī PVO vietnē pieejamo publikāciju manuāls pārskats.
Secinājumi: Rezistento baktēriju evolūcija tiek uzskatīta par multietioloģisku. Tas lielā mērā attiecināms uz konkrēto vielu ļaunprātīgu izmantošanu, jaunāko zāļu zemo pieejamību, normatīvajiem šķēršļiem un plašu izmantošanu lauksaimniecībā. Antibakteriālā rezidence novedīs pie infekcijas un slimību profilakses pazeminātas aizkavēšanas un palielinās cilvēku un dzīvnieku saslimstību un mirstību. Visticamāk, tas ietekmēs arī pārtikas ražošanu, kas savukārt ietekmēs uzņēmējdarbību un tirdzniecību. Tas novedīs arī pie ekonomiskiem zaudējumiem un lielākiem veselības aprūpes izdevumiem. Lai risinātu šo problēmu, ir jāņem vērā daudzi līmeņi, ieskaitot politisko, medicīnisko, vides, veterināro, lauksaimniecības, akadēmisko un sabiedrisko līmeni.
Background: Since the introduction and commercialization of antibacterial agents, it has been a standard in the prevention and control of bacterial infections. Subsequently, the great use and spread of antibiotics has been a driving force in the emergence of resistant bacteria and so-called superbugs. This has jeopardized the efficacy of antibiotic treatment which could mean the end of effective antibiotics in the future. Objectives: The aim of this review is to study precipitating factors and the potential sequela of antibiotic resistance. As the development of antibiotic resistance is more recognized as a problem worldwide, global action plans will also be examined and evaluated. This review is focused on antibacterial resistance although resistance to other microorganisms also occurs. Methods: The database search was made during September 2019 with the use of PubMed. The literature was limited to articles written during the last 10 years and had to be written in English. Different MESH terms were used for the search including “Antibiotic Resistance, Bacterial” and “Drug resistance, microbial”. Headlines were reviewed for relevance. Those that was not relevant to the purpose were removed. Next selection was made by reading the abstract on remaining articles. A manual review of available publications on the WHO website was also made. Conclusions: The evolution of resistant bacteria is considered to be multi-etiological. It is largely attributed to the misuse of the agents, low availability of newer drugs, regulatory barriers and extensive use in agriculture. Resistance to antibacterial will lead to decreased infection and disease prevention and increase in morbidity and mortality in humans and animals. It will most likely also have an impact on food production which will in turn influence business and trade. It will also lead to economic damages and increased health care expenditures. To tackle this problem there has to be participation from many levels including political, medical, environmental, veterinary, agricultural, academic and public levels
Background: Since the introduction and commercialization of antibacterial agents, it has been a standard in the prevention and control of bacterial infections. Subsequently, the great use and spread of antibiotics has been a driving force in the emergence of resistant bacteria and so-called superbugs. This has jeopardized the efficacy of antibiotic treatment which could mean the end of effective antibiotics in the future. Objectives: The aim of this review is to study precipitating factors and the potential sequela of antibiotic resistance. As the development of antibiotic resistance is more recognized as a problem worldwide, global action plans will also be examined and evaluated. This review is focused on antibacterial resistance although resistance to other microorganisms also occurs. Methods: The database search was made during September 2019 with the use of PubMed. The literature was limited to articles written during the last 10 years and had to be written in English. Different MESH terms were used for the search including “Antibiotic Resistance, Bacterial” and “Drug resistance, microbial”. Headlines were reviewed for relevance. Those that was not relevant to the purpose were removed. Next selection was made by reading the abstract on remaining articles. A manual review of available publications on the WHO website was also made. Conclusions: The evolution of resistant bacteria is considered to be multi-etiological. It is largely attributed to the misuse of the agents, low availability of newer drugs, regulatory barriers and extensive use in agriculture. Resistance to antibacterial will lead to decreased infection and disease prevention and increase in morbidity and mortality in humans and animals. It will most likely also have an impact on food production which will in turn influence business and trade. It will also lead to economic damages and increased health care expenditures. To tackle this problem there has to be participation from many levels including political, medical, environmental, veterinary, agricultural, academic and public levels
Description
Medicīna
Medicine
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care
Medicine
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care
Keywords
AMR pretmikrobu rezistence
MDR multirezistentas baktērijas
PVO Pasaules veselības organizācija
ESAO Ekonomiskās sadarbības un attīstības organizācija
CDC slimību kontroles un profilakses centri
HGT horizontālā gēna pārnešana, AMR Antimicrobial resistanceMDR Multidrug-resistant bacteriaWHO World health organizationOECD Organization for Economic Co-operation and DevelopmentCDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention HGT Horizontal gene transfer