Occupational Exposure to Blood and Body Fluids among Healthcare Workers in High-Risk Settings
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Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte
Rīga Stradiņš University
Rīga Stradiņš University
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Ievads: Viens no lielākajiem riskiem darbinieku veselībai un drošībai ir ekspozīcija bioloģiskiem ķermeņa šķidrumiem darba vietā nelaimes gadījuma dēļ. Šāda iedarbība var izraisīt infekcijas slimību attīstību un izplatīšanos, kā arī negatīvi ietekmēt veselību, īpaši veselības aprūpes darbinieku vidū.
Mērķis: Mērķis bija analizēt darbinieku aroda ekspozīciju asinīm un ķermeņa šķidrumiem veselības aprūpes darbinieku vidū augsta riska apstākļos.
Materiāli un metodes: Pētnieciskais darbs tika veikts literatūras apskata veidā un ietvēra informāciju, kas balstīta uz publikācijām no dažādām zinātniskām datubāzēm, tostarp PubMed un ScienceDirect.
Rezultāti: Tika secināts, ka visbiežākā aroda ekspozīcija bioloģiskiem šķidrumiem ir ekspozīcija asinīm; un salīdzinot ar citiem negadījumu veidiem, infekcijas attīstība biežāk rodas no adatas dūriena traumām. Strādājot tādās vidēs kā operāciju zāles, dzemdību telpas, neatliekamās palīdzības telpas un laboratorijas, veselības aprūpes darbinieki biežāk nonāk saskarē ar asinīm un ķermeņa šķidrumiem. Riskam ir pakļauti arī darbinieki, kuri savā darbā strādā ar asinīm piesārņotiem priekšmetiem, piemēram, apkopējiem un atkritumu savācējiem. Šajā literatūras apskatā tika secināts, ka risks iegūt HBV, HCV un HIV infekciju ar adatu un asu priekšmetu traumām var svārstīties attiecīgi no 2% līdz 40%, no 3% līdz 10% un 0,2% līdz 0,5% (ja infekcijas avota pacients bija pozitīvs). Vīrusu hepatīta infekciju biežumu veselības aprūpes darbinieku vidū būtiski ietekmē zemais vakcinācijas līmenis un augsts adatu ievainojumu skaits.
Secinājumi: hipotēze tika pilnībā apstiprināta, jo rezultāti liecina, ka veselības aprūpes speciālisti augsta riska vietās ir īpaši pakļauti infekcijām, tostarp HBV, jo viņi bieži nonāk saskarē ar infekciju ierosinātājiem, ievainojot ādu ar adatu, vai esot saskarē ar asinīm (šļakstu gadījumā), ko bieži pasliktina neatbilstoša IAL lietošana, adatas nosegšana un apmācību trūkums. Šīs problēmas ir obligāti jārisina, uzlabojot instrukcijas par infekciju kontroli, pareizu IAL lietošanu un iedarbības psiholoģisko ietekmi. Prioritātes piešķiršana pēcekspozīcijas praksei var palīdzēt palielināt drošību un samazināt nepietiekamu ziņošanu. Lai nodrošinātu pilnīgu drošību veselības aprūpes speciālistiem, pēcekspozīcijas metodēm par prioritāti jānosaka gan fiziska, gan garīga labklājība.
Background: One of the biggest risks to health and safety of workers is occupational exposure to bodily fluids after accidents. This exposure may result in the development and the spread of infection diseases and have detrimental effects on the health, especially among healthcare workers. Aim: The aim was to analyze occupational exposure to blood and body fluids among healthcare workers in high-risk settings. Materials and Methods: The research work was done in the form of a literature review and included information based on publications from various scientific databases, including PubMed and ScienceDirect. Results: It was evident that the most frequent exposure at work was to blood, and the infection developed more often from needlestick injuries in comparison to other accidents types. When working in environments like operating rooms, delivery rooms, emergency rooms, and laboratories, healthcare workers are more likely to come into contact with blood and bodily fluids. Workers who handle blood-contaminated objects in their line of work, such as cleaners and rubbish collectors, are also in the risk. Through the current literature review it was evident that the risk of acquiring HBV, HCV, and HIV infections via needlestick and sharp object injuries can range from 2% to 40%, 3% to 10%, and 0.2% to 0.5%, respectively, if the source patient is positive. The incidence of viral hepatitis infections among HCWs are significantly influenced by low vaccination rates and high rates of needlestick injuries. Conclusion: The hypothesis was fully accepted as the results show that healthcare professionals in high-risk locations are especially susceptible to infections, including HBV, since they frequently come into contact with them through needlestick injuries and splashes, which are frequently made worse by inadequate PPE use, needle recapping, and a lack of training. It is imperative that these problems be addressed with improved instruction on infection control, proper PPE use, and the psychological effects of exposure. Prioritizing adherence to post-exposure practices can also help to increase safety and decrease underreporting. In order to provide complete safety for healthcare professionals, post-exposure methods must prioritize both physical and mental wellbeing.
Background: One of the biggest risks to health and safety of workers is occupational exposure to bodily fluids after accidents. This exposure may result in the development and the spread of infection diseases and have detrimental effects on the health, especially among healthcare workers. Aim: The aim was to analyze occupational exposure to blood and body fluids among healthcare workers in high-risk settings. Materials and Methods: The research work was done in the form of a literature review and included information based on publications from various scientific databases, including PubMed and ScienceDirect. Results: It was evident that the most frequent exposure at work was to blood, and the infection developed more often from needlestick injuries in comparison to other accidents types. When working in environments like operating rooms, delivery rooms, emergency rooms, and laboratories, healthcare workers are more likely to come into contact with blood and bodily fluids. Workers who handle blood-contaminated objects in their line of work, such as cleaners and rubbish collectors, are also in the risk. Through the current literature review it was evident that the risk of acquiring HBV, HCV, and HIV infections via needlestick and sharp object injuries can range from 2% to 40%, 3% to 10%, and 0.2% to 0.5%, respectively, if the source patient is positive. The incidence of viral hepatitis infections among HCWs are significantly influenced by low vaccination rates and high rates of needlestick injuries. Conclusion: The hypothesis was fully accepted as the results show that healthcare professionals in high-risk locations are especially susceptible to infections, including HBV, since they frequently come into contact with them through needlestick injuries and splashes, which are frequently made worse by inadequate PPE use, needle recapping, and a lack of training. It is imperative that these problems be addressed with improved instruction on infection control, proper PPE use, and the psychological effects of exposure. Prioritizing adherence to post-exposure practices can also help to increase safety and decrease underreporting. In order to provide complete safety for healthcare professionals, post-exposure methods must prioritize both physical and mental wellbeing.
Description
Medicīna
Medicine
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care
Medicine
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care