Mechanisms of change in psychotherapy. Litereture review
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Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte
Rīga Stradiņš University
Rīga Stradiņš University
Kopsavilkums
Neskatoties uz psihoterapijas, kā uz pierādījumiem balstītas medicīnas nozares, augošajiem panākumiem, saglabājas nepieciešamība izprast tieši kā un kādēļ pshoterapija darbojas. Šis literatūras apskats vērš uzmanību uz terapeitisko mehānismu nozīmību pārmaiņu panākšanā, izvērtējot un apspriežot šos mehānismus, kā tie aprakstīti jau esošos zinātniskos pētījumos, kas sniedz secinājumus un rekomendācijas psihiskās veselības pilnveidei, izmantojot psihoterapiju.
Šī pārskata mērķis ir sniegt skaidru un precīzu novērtējumu par izmaiņu mehānismu nozīmi, lai uzlabotu psihoterapijas iznākumu.
Šajā pētījumā katra aplūkotā mehānisma hipotēze ir redzēt pozitīvu korelāciju starp terapijas iznākumu un izmaiņu mehānismu.
Pielietojot noteiktus izslēgšanas/iekļaušanas kritērijus un specifiskus atslēgvārdus, atlasīti un analizēti atbilstoši pētījumi un terapeitisko pārmaiņu mediatori un moderatori. Šajā darbā pētīti četri terapeitiskie mehānismi – terapeitiskās attiecības, līdzestības atgūšana, mentalizēšana un izpratnes nodrošināšana. Informācijas ieguvei izmantotas tiešsaistes datubāzes un žurnāli. Šajos avotos publicēto rezultātu apkopojums, izmantots, lai izveidotu pārskatu par attiecīgo psihoterapijas mehānismu efektivitātes līmeni un specifiskumu.
Apskatīti 472 raksti no kuriem 31 bija atbilstoši šai meta-analīzei. Pastāv tendence korelācijai starp terapijas iznākumu un katru no mehānismiem. Izvirzītā hipotēze, ka katrs mehānisms rada pozitīvu iznākumu, tika apstiprināta. Īpaši izpratnes nodrošināšana uzrādīja konsekventu pārmaiņu modeli. Arī terapeitiskās attiecības un līdzestības atgūšana uzrādīja pozitīvu korelāciju ar terapijas iznākumu, bet tikai, pielietojot specifiskus psihoterapijas veidus. Mentalizēšanai novērojami dažādi rezultāti.
Šis datu apkopojums sniedz daudzsološu un konsekventu iznākumu, kas varētu tikt pielietots, gan psihoterapijā, gan turpmākos pētījumos. Lielākoties pētījumos valda vienprātība, ka šie terapeitiskie mehānismi ir saistīti ar pozitīvu iznākumu, ja tie pielietoti trāpīgi.
In spite of the increasing evidence-based success of psychotherapy as a form of medical therapy, the ambition to comprehend precisely how and why psychotherapy works is yet to be fulfilled. This literature review draws attention to the significance of mechanisms of change in therapy by evaluating and discussing mechanisms of change of psychotherapy, as described by existing scientific research from which conclusions and recommendations are subsequently given on advancement of mental health through psychotherapy. The purpose of this review is to give a clear and accurate estimation of the significance of mechanisms of change to enhance psychotherapy outcome. The hypothesis in this study for each mechanism discussed is to see a positive correlation between therapy outcome and mechanism of change. Relevant studies and mediators and moderators of change were analysed, applying defined exclusion/inclusion criteria and specific keywords. The four selected mechanisms of change, explored in this study, were therapeutic alliance, rupture resolution, reflective functioning and provision of insight. The search was performed using online databases and key journals. The accumulation of these published results is used to create an overview regarding the level of effectivity of mechanism of change in psychotherapy, as well as their specificity. 472 articles were observed, 31 of which were eligible for this meta-analysis. A trend of correlation between therapy outcome and each mechanism. The hypothesis of each mechanism to generate positive outcome was supported. Particularly provision of insight proved a consistent model for change. Therapeutic alliance and its rupture resolution also generated positive correlations with therapy outcome, but usually only when applied according to specific measures. From reflective functioning mixed results can be observed. This data collection gives a promising and reasonably consistent outcome which could be applied to improve psychotherapy with expanding research as its cultivation. Most studies agreed that mechanisms of change are associated with a positive outcome when applied aptly.
In spite of the increasing evidence-based success of psychotherapy as a form of medical therapy, the ambition to comprehend precisely how and why psychotherapy works is yet to be fulfilled. This literature review draws attention to the significance of mechanisms of change in therapy by evaluating and discussing mechanisms of change of psychotherapy, as described by existing scientific research from which conclusions and recommendations are subsequently given on advancement of mental health through psychotherapy. The purpose of this review is to give a clear and accurate estimation of the significance of mechanisms of change to enhance psychotherapy outcome. The hypothesis in this study for each mechanism discussed is to see a positive correlation between therapy outcome and mechanism of change. Relevant studies and mediators and moderators of change were analysed, applying defined exclusion/inclusion criteria and specific keywords. The four selected mechanisms of change, explored in this study, were therapeutic alliance, rupture resolution, reflective functioning and provision of insight. The search was performed using online databases and key journals. The accumulation of these published results is used to create an overview regarding the level of effectivity of mechanism of change in psychotherapy, as well as their specificity. 472 articles were observed, 31 of which were eligible for this meta-analysis. A trend of correlation between therapy outcome and each mechanism. The hypothesis of each mechanism to generate positive outcome was supported. Particularly provision of insight proved a consistent model for change. Therapeutic alliance and its rupture resolution also generated positive correlations with therapy outcome, but usually only when applied according to specific measures. From reflective functioning mixed results can be observed. This data collection gives a promising and reasonably consistent outcome which could be applied to improve psychotherapy with expanding research as its cultivation. Most studies agreed that mechanisms of change are associated with a positive outcome when applied aptly.
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Medicīna
Medicine
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care
Medicine
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care