Comparison of Psychological Impacts among Health Care Workers in Latvia and Norway during the COVID-19 pandemic

Abstract

Aim: This research aims to assess the psychological impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers (HCWs) in Latvia and Norway by analyzing mental health outcomes reported in pre-existing literature. The primary focus is to compare symptoms of anxiety, depression, and burnout among HCWs in these two countries.

Hypothesis: Workload, access to mental health support and economic resources significantly affect the well-being of healthcare workers in both Latvia and Norway.

Methods: A literature review was conducted using a mixed-methods approach, integrating quantitative data from surveys with qualitative insights from interviews and focus groups. Relevant studies were identified through scientific databases, focusing on research conducted during the period of the COVID-19 pandemic. This approach allowed for a comprehensive evaluation of psychological impacts, examining both statistical trends and personal experiences of HCWs.

Results: Findings indicate that HCWs in both Latvia and Norway experienced significant mental health challenges, with younger and female workers being particularly affected. Anxiety was slightly higher among Norwegian HCWs, while depression was more prevalent in Latvia. Differences in healthcare systems seemed to influence these outcomes: Norway’s publicly funded healthcare system provided broader support resources, while Latvia’s mixed healthcare financing model and limited workforce capacity contributed to higher levels of stress and burnout. Systemic factors such as workload, access to mental health support, and economic resources were identified as important influences on HCWs’ well-being.

Conclusion: This study highlights the urgent need for tailored mental health interventions for HCWs. Structural differences in healthcare financing and workforce capacity play a significant role in shaping HCWs’ psychological resilience. Developing targeted support programs that address workload, mental health resources, and systemic challenges is essential to support HCWs during and beyond pandemic crises.