Nieru iekaisumu un to komplikāciju radioloģiskā diagnostika.
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Date
2022
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Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte
Rīga Stradiņš University
Rīga Stradiņš University
Abstract
Urīnceļu infekcijas ir vienas no visbiežāk sastopamajām infekcijām populācijā. Akūts pielonefrīts ir biežākā nieru iekaisuma slimība ar biežāku incidenci sieviešu vidū. Lielākajā daļā gadījumu slimības gaita ir viegla un tās diagnostikai nepieciešamas tikai laboratorās analīzes, taču pacientiem ar urīnceļu izmaiņām (iedzimtām patoloģijām, urīnizvades traucējumiem, nierakmeņu slimību), kā arī pacientiem ar citiem predisponējošiem faktoriem, ir augstāka iespējamība saskarties ar smagāku slimības norisi un ilgāku hospitalizācijas laiku.
Balstoties uz neviennozīmīgo slimības gaitu un tās variablitāti pacientu vidū, būtu nepieciešams noteikt, kādi ir radioloģiski nosakāmie marķieri slimības gaitas prognozēšanai.
Šī darba mērķis ir, izmantojot literatūras avotus, pētīt tipiskos nieru iekaisumu veidus, iekaisumu radītās komplikācijas un faktorus, kas ir predisponējoši smagākai slimības gaitai.
Darba uzdevumi ir :
1. Apkopot un analizēt pasaulē publicētos datus par nieru iekaisumu patoģenēzi, sastopamības biežumu, klīnisko norisi un radioloģisko atradi.
2. Raksturot biežāk sastopamos nieru iekaisumu veidus pieaušajiem: akūts pielonefrīts, hronisks pielonefrīts, ksantogranulomatozs pielonefrīts, nieru tuberkuloze. Šīs patoloģijas un to radioloģiskā aina tiek aprakstīta darba 2. nodaļā.
3. Raksturot biežāk sastopamās nieru infekciju komplikācijas: renāls abscess, emfizematozs pielonefrīts, pionefrīts. Nieru infekciju komplikācijas un to radioloģiskās diagnostikas īpatnības tiek aprakstītas darba 3. nodaļā.
4. Aprakstīt anatomiskas, radioloģiski novērtējamas patoloģijas, kas predisponē smagākam slimības iznākumam: iedzimtas anomālijas, urolitiāze, urīnpūšļa tukšošanās traucējumi. Radioloģiski nosakāmie marķieri smagākas slimības gaitas prognozēšanai tiek aprakstīti darba 4. nodaļā.
Darbā pētītā hipotēze ir: pacienti ar tādiem radioloģiski nosakāmiem marķieriem, kā iedzimtas anomālijas, urolitiāze, urīnpūšļa tukšošanās traucējumi, ir pakļauti smagākai infekcijas gaitai.
Šis ir retrospektīvs aprakstošs pētījums, sistemātisks pasaules zinātnisko publikāciju apskats. Tika izmantotas tādas datubāzes, kā – PubMed, ClinicalKey, UpToDate, DynaMed. Žurnāli – Journal of Medical Ultrasound, World Journal of Radiology, American Journal of Roentgenology , World Journal of Urology u.c.
Urinary tract infections are among the most common infections in the population. Acute pyelonephritis is the most common inflammatory kidney disease, with a higher incidence in women. In most cases, the course of the disease is mild and only laboratory tests are needed for diagnosis, but patients with urinary tract abnormalities (congenital abnormalities, urinary tract disorders, kidney stones) and other predisposing factors are more likely to experience a more severe course and longer hospitalisation. Based on the heterogeneous course of the disease and its variability among patients, there is a need to identify radiologically detectable markers to predict the course of the disease. The aim of this study is to investigate, using literature sources, the typical types of renal inflammation, the complications of inflammation and the factors predisposing to a more severe disease course. The objectives of this study are : 1. To summarise and analyse the data published worldwide on the pathogenesis, incidence, clinical course and radiological findings of renal inflammation. 2. To describe the most common types of renal inflammation: acute pyelonephritis, chronic pyelonephritis, xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis, renal tuberculosis. These pathologies and their radiological picture are described in Chapter 2 of the thesis. 3. To describe the most common complications of renal infections: renal abscess, emphysematous pyelonephritis, pyonephritis. Complications of renal infections and their radiological diagnostic features are described in Chapter 3. 4. Describe anatomical abnormalities that can be evaluated radiologically and predispose to a more severe outcome: congenital anomalies, urolithiasis, bladder voiding disorders. Radiological markers predictive of a more severe disease course are described in Chapter 4. The hypothesis investigated in this paper is that patients with radiologically detectable markers such as congenital anomalies, urolithiasis, bladder voiding disorders are more susceptible to a more severe course of infection. This is a retrospective descriptive study, a systematic review of worldwide scientific publications. Databases such as PubMed, ClinicalKey, UpToDate, DynaMed were used. Journal of Medical Ultrasound, World Journal of Radiology, American Journal of Roentgenology , World Journal of Urology, etc.
Urinary tract infections are among the most common infections in the population. Acute pyelonephritis is the most common inflammatory kidney disease, with a higher incidence in women. In most cases, the course of the disease is mild and only laboratory tests are needed for diagnosis, but patients with urinary tract abnormalities (congenital abnormalities, urinary tract disorders, kidney stones) and other predisposing factors are more likely to experience a more severe course and longer hospitalisation. Based on the heterogeneous course of the disease and its variability among patients, there is a need to identify radiologically detectable markers to predict the course of the disease. The aim of this study is to investigate, using literature sources, the typical types of renal inflammation, the complications of inflammation and the factors predisposing to a more severe disease course. The objectives of this study are : 1. To summarise and analyse the data published worldwide on the pathogenesis, incidence, clinical course and radiological findings of renal inflammation. 2. To describe the most common types of renal inflammation: acute pyelonephritis, chronic pyelonephritis, xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis, renal tuberculosis. These pathologies and their radiological picture are described in Chapter 2 of the thesis. 3. To describe the most common complications of renal infections: renal abscess, emphysematous pyelonephritis, pyonephritis. Complications of renal infections and their radiological diagnostic features are described in Chapter 3. 4. Describe anatomical abnormalities that can be evaluated radiologically and predispose to a more severe outcome: congenital anomalies, urolithiasis, bladder voiding disorders. Radiological markers predictive of a more severe disease course are described in Chapter 4. The hypothesis investigated in this paper is that patients with radiologically detectable markers such as congenital anomalies, urolithiasis, bladder voiding disorders are more susceptible to a more severe course of infection. This is a retrospective descriptive study, a systematic review of worldwide scientific publications. Databases such as PubMed, ClinicalKey, UpToDate, DynaMed were used. Journal of Medical Ultrasound, World Journal of Radiology, American Journal of Roentgenology , World Journal of Urology, etc.
Description
Medicīna
Medicine
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care
Medicine
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care
Keywords
Nieru iekaisums, pielonefrīts, urīnceļu infekcijas, urīnceļu anomālijas, urolitiāze, urīnpūšļa tukšošanās traucējumi, Kidney inflammation, pyelonephritis, urinary tract infections, urinary tract abnormalities, urolithiasis, bladder voiding disorders