Smago metālu izraisītā aknu patoloģijā ražošanas nozarē nodarbinātajiem
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Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte
Rīga Stradiņš University
Rīga Stradiņš University
Kopsavilkums
KOPSAVILKUMS
Smago metālu iedarbība uz cilvēka organismu var izraisīt dažādus veselības traucējumus. Aknas ir orgāns, kas metabolizē vairākas toksiskas vielas, tostarp arī smagos metālus. Smago metālu iedarbība ir raksturīga ražošanā un rūpniecībā nodarbinātajiem, jo tie tiek industriāli ļoti plaši izmantoti. Pamatā iedarbība notiek, ieelpojot piesārņotu gaisu, absorbējoties transdermāli un enterāli ar piesārņoto ūdeni, pārtiku. Smago metālu toksicitāte ir pamatota ar oksidatīvā stresa radītiem šūnu un audu bojājumiem. Aknas cieš strukturāli un funkcionāli, ietekmējot cilvēka vispārējo veselības stāvokli.
Šajā darbā ir apkopoti vairāki literatūras avoti un pētījumi par smago metālu iedarbību, patoģenēzi un izraisītiem veselības traucējumiem. Analizēti dati par arsēnu, kadmiju, hromu, svinu, dzelzi, dzīvsudrabu un varu.
Darba hipotēze: Smago metālu ietekme uz aknu darbību un patoloģiju izraisīšana ir nopietna problēma, kurai ir vajadzīga regulāra kontrole un piesardzības pasākumu optimizācija.
Darba mērķis: Analizēt apkopoto informāciju un veikt secinājumus par smago metālu ietekmi uz aknu funkciju, salīdzināt smago metālu hepatotoksicitātes līmeni, un kritiski novērtēt apkopotos pētījumus.
Darba uzdevumi:
1. Apkopot informāciju par smago metālu ietekmi uz aknu veselību un funkciju.
2. Salīdzināt smago metālu hepatotoksicitātes līmeni.
3. Kritiski novērtēt pētījumu organizāciju un metodiku.
Var secināt, ka smago metālu iedarbība uz aknām var būt nopietna un bīstama nodarbināto veselībai. Smago metālu iedarbības pamatā ir oksidatīvā stresa izraisītie šūnu membrānu, mitohondriju, endoplazmatisko tīklu un kodolu bojājumi, kas noved pie aknu strukturāliem un funkcionāliem bojājumiem. Ir dati par smago metālu kanceroģenētisko potenciālu, kas ir saistīts ar specifiskiem DNS bojājumiem un fibrozes izraisītas HCC attīstības risku. It īpaši bīstama ir ilgstoša smago metālu mazo devu iedarbība, kas var būt raksturīga arodiedarbības apstākļos. Cilvēkiem, kuriem pastāv kāda aknu patoloģija un aknu funkcija var būt kompromitēta, smago metālu iedarbība ir īpaši bīstama, un var daudz ātrāk novest pie aknu bojājumu pasliktināšanās.
Esošie pētījumi liecina, ka smago metālu iedarbība uz aknu audiem ir plaši pētīts jautājums, taču pētījumu kompozīcija ir apgrūtināta, jo iedarbības laiku, veidu un koncentrāciju gandrīz nav iespējams precīzi noteikt un izmērīt, ka arī vairāki pētījumi ir veikti, izmantojot dzīvnieku audus vai in vitro.
Informācija par smago metālu iedarbību rūpniecībā un ražošanā ir īpaši svarīga gan ārstiem, gan arī darba devējiem un pašiem darbiniekiem. Lai mazinātu smago metālu izraisītus aknu bojājumus, svarīgi ir strikti sekot personīgai drošībai darba vietā, un regulāri kontrolēt veselības stāvokli.
SUMMARY The effect of heavy metals on the human body can cause various health problems. Liver is the main site for metabolism of a number of toxic substances, including heavy metals. Exposure to heavy metals is common in manufacturing and industrial workers, as heavy metals are widely used in industrial processes. Common types of exposure include inhalation via polluted air, transdermal and enteral absorption via contaminated water and food. The toxicity of heavy metals results in damage to cells and tissues caused by oxidative stress. The liver suffers structurally and functionally, affecting a person’s general health. This research summarizes several literature sources and studies on the effects of heavy metals, pathogenesis and caused health disorders. Data on arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, iron, mercury and copper were analysed. The hypothesis of the research: Effect of heavy metals on liver function and pathology is a serious problem that requires regular monitoring and optimization of precautions. The aim of the research: To analyse the summarised information and draw conclusions about the effect of heavy metals on liver function, to compare the level of hepatotoxicity of heavy metals, and to critically evaluate the summarized studies. Tasks: 1. Collect information on the effects of heavy metals on liver health and function. 2. Compare the level of hepatotoxicity of heavy metals. 3. Critically evaluate research organization and methodology. It can be concluded that the effect of heavy metals on the liver can be serious and dangerous to the health of workers. Exposure to heavy metals due to oxidative stress-induced damage to cell membranes, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and nuclei lead to structural and functional damage of the liver. There are data on the carcinogenic potential of heavy metals, which is associated with specific DNA damage and the risk of developing HCC due to fibrosis. Prolonged exposure of low doses of heavy metals, which may be typical under occupational conditions, is particularly dangerous. In people with a history of liver disease and compromised liver function, exposure to heavy metals is particularly severe and can lead to worsening of liver damage much more quickly. Existing studies demonstrate that the effects of heavy metals on liver tissue are a widely studied issue, but the composition of the studies is difficult because the time, type and concentration of exposure are almost impossible to determine and measure, and several studies have been performed on animal tissues or in vitro. Information on exposure to heavy metals in industry and production is particularly important for doctors, employers and employees themselves. To reduce liver damage caused by heavy metals, it is important to closely monitor personal safety in the workplace and to regularly monitor health.
SUMMARY The effect of heavy metals on the human body can cause various health problems. Liver is the main site for metabolism of a number of toxic substances, including heavy metals. Exposure to heavy metals is common in manufacturing and industrial workers, as heavy metals are widely used in industrial processes. Common types of exposure include inhalation via polluted air, transdermal and enteral absorption via contaminated water and food. The toxicity of heavy metals results in damage to cells and tissues caused by oxidative stress. The liver suffers structurally and functionally, affecting a person’s general health. This research summarizes several literature sources and studies on the effects of heavy metals, pathogenesis and caused health disorders. Data on arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, iron, mercury and copper were analysed. The hypothesis of the research: Effect of heavy metals on liver function and pathology is a serious problem that requires regular monitoring and optimization of precautions. The aim of the research: To analyse the summarised information and draw conclusions about the effect of heavy metals on liver function, to compare the level of hepatotoxicity of heavy metals, and to critically evaluate the summarized studies. Tasks: 1. Collect information on the effects of heavy metals on liver health and function. 2. Compare the level of hepatotoxicity of heavy metals. 3. Critically evaluate research organization and methodology. It can be concluded that the effect of heavy metals on the liver can be serious and dangerous to the health of workers. Exposure to heavy metals due to oxidative stress-induced damage to cell membranes, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and nuclei lead to structural and functional damage of the liver. There are data on the carcinogenic potential of heavy metals, which is associated with specific DNA damage and the risk of developing HCC due to fibrosis. Prolonged exposure of low doses of heavy metals, which may be typical under occupational conditions, is particularly dangerous. In people with a history of liver disease and compromised liver function, exposure to heavy metals is particularly severe and can lead to worsening of liver damage much more quickly. Existing studies demonstrate that the effects of heavy metals on liver tissue are a widely studied issue, but the composition of the studies is difficult because the time, type and concentration of exposure are almost impossible to determine and measure, and several studies have been performed on animal tissues or in vitro. Information on exposure to heavy metals in industry and production is particularly important for doctors, employers and employees themselves. To reduce liver damage caused by heavy metals, it is important to closely monitor personal safety in the workplace and to regularly monitor health.
Description
Medicīna
Medicine
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care
Medicine
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care