Dzimuma maiņas reglamentējošo tiesību normu problemātika Latvijā
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Date
2021
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Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte
Rīga Stradiņš University
Rīga Stradiņš University
Abstract
Bakalaura darba temats ir “Dzimuma maiņas reglamentējošo tiesību normu problemātika Latvijā”. Neskatoties uz Eiropas valstu progresu dzimuma maiņu reglamentējošā tiesiskajā regulējumā, transpersonu tiesību jautājumi Latvijā nav pietiekami apskatīti un lielā mērā tiek ignorēti, kas, savukārt, aktualizē ar dzimuma maiņu saistītos jautājumus un liek pievērst uzmanību šī procesa reglamentējošo tiesību normu problemātikai.
Tēmas aktualitāte pamatojama ar to, ka, apskatot Latvijas un citu Eiropas valstu spēkā esošos tiesību aktus, kā arī tiesas spriedumus par pētāmo jautājumu, darba autore ir novērojusi, ka demokrātiskas valsts iestādēm ir pienākums ne tikai atzīt personas veikto dzimuma maiņu, bet arī izstrādāt un pieņemt tiesisko regulējumu, vadoties pēc kura, varētu konstatēt, vai dzimuma maiņa likuma izpratnē ir notikusi. Latvijas normatīvie akti neaizliedz personām mainīt dzimumu un pieļauj iespēju gan mainīt, gan attiecīgi juridiski atzīt dzimuma maiņas faktu, papildinot ierakstu dzimšanas reģistrā, taču konkrēta un pilnvērtīga tiesiskā regulējuma trūkums minētajā tiesību jomā ne tikai negatīvi ietekmē transpersonu dzīves kvalitāti, sabiedrības vidū sekmējot transfobiju, bet arī pakļauj transseksuālas personas diskriminācijai.
Bakalaura darba mērķis: izpētīt transsesksuālo personu tiesību īstenošanas tiesisko tvērumu, kā arī identificēt problēmjautājumus, kas saistīti ar šo personu tiesību īstenošanu un rast minēto problēmjautājumu risinājumus, pilnveidojot tiesisko regulējumu.
Bakalaura darbā tiek sniegts skaidrojums dzimtes identitātes jēdziena būtībai, kā arī aprakstīta dzimuma maiņas procesa attīstības vēsture. Autore raksturo dzimuma maiņu no cilvēktiesību aspekta, pēta dzimuma maiņas atzīšanas un reģistrēšanas pienākumu no valsts puses, noskaidro tiesiskā rakstura problemātiku transsesksuālo personu tiesību īstenošanā Latvijā, kā arī izstrādā nepieciešamos tiesiskā regulējuma pilnveidojumus dzimuma maiņas jomā un pēta ar dzimuma maiņu saistītus problēmjautājumus sabiedrības vidū.
Autore secina, ka Latvijas tiesiskais regulējums būtu jāpilnveido ar normatīvajiem aktiem, kuros būtu ietverti visi nepieciešamie nosacījumi, kas atbilstu demokrātiskās valsts uzskatiem, un kuri regulētu dzimuma maiņas veikšanas procedūru, nosakot kritērijus dzimuma maiņas fakta juridiskai atzīšanai, aizsargājot transpersonu cilvēktiesības un pamatbrīvības.
The topic of the bachelor's thesis is “Problems of legal norms regulating gender transition in Latvia”. Despite the progress of European countries in the legal framework governing gender reassignment, the issues of transgender rights in Latvia have not been sufficiently addressed and are largely ignored, which, in turn, raises issues related to gender reassignment and calls attention to the issue of legal norms governing this process. Looking at the current legislation of Latvia and other European countries, as well as the judgments of the court on the issue under study, the author has observed that a democratic legislator has a duty not only to legally recognise a transgender person’s gender identity, but also to take appropriate measures to provide for legal gender recognition in its national legislation. Latvian legislation allows possibility of gender transition and also allows to change and legally recognize the fact of gender reassignment by making possible the change of name and gender in official documents, but the lack of specific and complete legal regulation in this area not only negatively affects quality of transsexuals life, but also increases discrimination on grounds of gender identity. The aim of the bachelor's thesis: to study the legal scope of the implementation of the rights of transgender persons, as well as to identify problem issues related to the implementation of the rights of such persons and to find solutions to these problem issues by improving the legal framework. The bachelor's thesis explains the essence of the concept of gender identity, as well as describes the history of the development of the gender reassignment process. The author describes gender reassignment from a human rights perspective, researches the obligation of state recognition and registration of gender reassignment, clarifies the legal issues in the implementation of transgender rights in Latvia, as well as develops the necessary legal framework improvements in gender reassignment and explores issues related to gender change in society. The author concludes that the legal framework of Latvia should be improved by laws and regulations containing all the necessary conditions that correspond to the views of the democratic state and which would regulate the procedure for gender reassignment, establishing criteria for legal recognition of the fact of gender reassignment, protecting the human rights and fundamental freedoms of transgender people.
The topic of the bachelor's thesis is “Problems of legal norms regulating gender transition in Latvia”. Despite the progress of European countries in the legal framework governing gender reassignment, the issues of transgender rights in Latvia have not been sufficiently addressed and are largely ignored, which, in turn, raises issues related to gender reassignment and calls attention to the issue of legal norms governing this process. Looking at the current legislation of Latvia and other European countries, as well as the judgments of the court on the issue under study, the author has observed that a democratic legislator has a duty not only to legally recognise a transgender person’s gender identity, but also to take appropriate measures to provide for legal gender recognition in its national legislation. Latvian legislation allows possibility of gender transition and also allows to change and legally recognize the fact of gender reassignment by making possible the change of name and gender in official documents, but the lack of specific and complete legal regulation in this area not only negatively affects quality of transsexuals life, but also increases discrimination on grounds of gender identity. The aim of the bachelor's thesis: to study the legal scope of the implementation of the rights of transgender persons, as well as to identify problem issues related to the implementation of the rights of such persons and to find solutions to these problem issues by improving the legal framework. The bachelor's thesis explains the essence of the concept of gender identity, as well as describes the history of the development of the gender reassignment process. The author describes gender reassignment from a human rights perspective, researches the obligation of state recognition and registration of gender reassignment, clarifies the legal issues in the implementation of transgender rights in Latvia, as well as develops the necessary legal framework improvements in gender reassignment and explores issues related to gender change in society. The author concludes that the legal framework of Latvia should be improved by laws and regulations containing all the necessary conditions that correspond to the views of the democratic state and which would regulate the procedure for gender reassignment, establishing criteria for legal recognition of the fact of gender reassignment, protecting the human rights and fundamental freedoms of transgender people.
Description
Tiesību zinātne
Law Science
Tiesību zinātne
Law Science
Law Science
Tiesību zinātne
Law Science
Keywords
Dzimuma maiņa, transseksuālas personas, diskriminācija, tiesiskais regulējums, cilvēktiesības., Gender reassignment, transgender people, discrimination, legal framework, human rights.