Eiropas Centrālās bankas inflācijas mazināšanas pasākumu politiskās sekas
Notiek ielāde...
Datums
Autori
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte
Rīga Stradiņš University
Rīga Stradiņš University
Kopsavilkums
Darbā “Eiropas Centrālās bankas inflācijas mazināšanas pasākumu politiskās sekas” analizēti eirozonas monetārās politikas teorētiskie aspekti no starptautiskās politiskās ekonomikas perspektīvas. Monetārā politika globālajā pasaulē arvien vairāk pārceļas no valstu iestādēm uz starptautiskām institūcijām, un arvien biežāk vērojams ekonomiskais reģionālisms. Spilgts piemērs ir eirozona, kas apvieno 20 valstis un kur par monetāro politiku ir atbildīga Eiropas Centrālā banka (ECB). Tās pārziņā cita starpā ir regulēt eirozonā apgrozībā esošo naudas daudzumu un tādējādi īstenot savu galveno uzdevumu – nodrošināt cenu stabilitāti eirozonā.
Iepriekšējie gadi eirozonā bija izaicinājumu pilni saistībā ar augsto inflāciju, ko izraisīja ekonomikas atkopšanās un pieprasījuma pieaugums pēc Covid-19 pandēmijas, kā arī Krievijas karš Ukrainā, kā dēļ būtiski pieauga energoresursu cenas. Lai slāpētu kraso patēriņa cenu kāpumu eirozonā, ECB sāka īstenot ierobežojošu monetāro politiku, būtiski ceļot procentu likmes, kas sadārdzināja aizņemtos resursus. Kredītņēmējiem tas nozīmēja augstākus kredītmaksājumus, tostarp par hipotekārajiem kredītiem. ECB ar pretinflācijas pasākumiem samazināja pieprasījumu, bet tādējādi vienlaikus arī sabremzēja ekonomisko izaugsmi eirozonā. Dažas eirozonas valstis piedzīvoja arī recesiju.
Augošā inflācija un ekonomiskās izaugsmes palēnināšanās vai pat ekonomiskās situācijas pasliktināšanās rada sabiedrībā neapmierinātību, īpaši raisot neuzticēšanos institūcijām. Ekonomiskās sociālās pārmaiņas rada auglīgu vidi populisma un populistisku līderu panākumiem. Dati rāda, ka pēdējos gados Eiropa piedzīvo populisma vilni, īpaši vērojams galēji labējo partiju popularitātes pieaugums. Pēdējie nacionālo vēlēšanu rezultāti liecina par labiem galēji labējo panākumiem tādās valstīs, kā Vācija, Nīderlande, Somija, Francija, Beļģija. To labie panākumi vēlēšanās lielākoties saistīti ar kraso vēršanos pret migrāciju, bet ne tikai. Viņi vēršas arī pret Eiropas Savienības (ES) “zaļo kursu”, ES institūcijām, kas ir arī ECB.
Atsevišķās eirozonas valstīs populistiskās partijas sava politiskā kapitāla vairošanai pirms vēlēšanām kritizēja arī ECB un tās īstenoto monetāro politiku. Ir politiskie spēki, piemēram, Vācijā un Somijā, kam netīk ECB īstenotā finansiālās grūtībās nonākušo eirozonas valstu parāda vērtspapīru uzpirkšana. Citās populisti vēlētos ECB lielāku iesaisti ekonomiskajos procesos. Vēl vairākās valstīs kā Slovākija, Vācijā, Somijā un Austrijā vēlēšanās labus panākumus guvušas populistiskas partijas pirms vēlēšanām kritizēja arī ECB īstenoto procentu likmju celšanu inflācijas savaldīšanai. Tāpat atsevišķi pie varas esoši politiķi tādās valstīs kā Portugālē un Itālijā vērsās pret ECB, vainojot to lēnajā ekonomikas izaugsmē. ECB ir apolitiska un neatkarīga institūcija, bet arī tā nav slēpusi satraukumu par Eiropā pieaugošo populismu.
The paper “Political Implications of the European Central Bank’s Anti-Inflation Measures” analyses the theoretical aspects of the eurozone monetary policy from the perspective of international political economy. Monetary policy in the global world is increasingly shifting from national institutions to international institutions, and economic regionalism is increasingly observed. A striking example is the eurozone, which unites 20 countries and where the European Central Bank (ECB) is responsible for monetary policy. Its responsibilities include regulating the amount of money in circulation in the eurozone and thus implementing its main task – ensuring price stability in the eurozone. The previous years in the eurozone were challenging due to high inflation caused by the economic recovery and increased demand after the Covid-19 pandemic, as well as Russia's war in Ukraine, which led to a significant increase in energy prices. In order to curb the sharp in-crease in consumer prices in the eurozone, the ECB began to implement a restrictive monetary policy, significantly raising interest rates, which made borrowed resources more expensive. For borrowers, this meant higher loan payments, including on mortgage loans. The ECB reduced demand with anti-inflationary measures, but at the same time also slowed down economic growth in the eurozone. Some eurozone countries also experienced recessions. Rising inflation and slowing economic growth or even a worsening economic situation are creating discontent in society, especially in terms of distrust of institutions. Economic and social changes create a fertile environment for the success of populism and populist leaders. Da-ta shows that in recent years Europe has been experiencing a wave of populism, especially the rise in popularity of far-right parties. The latest national election results show good success for the far-right in countries such as Germany, the Netherlands, Finland, France, Belgium. Their good success in the elections is largely related to their sharp stance against migration, but not only. They are also turning against the European Union (EU) “green deal”, EU institutions, which include the ECB. In some eurozone countries, populist parties also criticized the ECB and its monetary policy in order to increase their political capital before the elections. There are political forces, for example, in Germany and Finland, that do not like the ECB's purchase of debt securities of eurozone countries in financial difficulties. In others, populists would like the ECB to be more involved in economic processes. In several other countries, such as Slovakia, Germany, Finland and Austria, populist parties that have achieved good electoral success also criticized the ECB's interest rate hikes to curb inflation before the elections. Similarly, some politicians in power in countries such as Portugal and Italy turned against the ECB, blaming it for slow economic growth.
The paper “Political Implications of the European Central Bank’s Anti-Inflation Measures” analyses the theoretical aspects of the eurozone monetary policy from the perspective of international political economy. Monetary policy in the global world is increasingly shifting from national institutions to international institutions, and economic regionalism is increasingly observed. A striking example is the eurozone, which unites 20 countries and where the European Central Bank (ECB) is responsible for monetary policy. Its responsibilities include regulating the amount of money in circulation in the eurozone and thus implementing its main task – ensuring price stability in the eurozone. The previous years in the eurozone were challenging due to high inflation caused by the economic recovery and increased demand after the Covid-19 pandemic, as well as Russia's war in Ukraine, which led to a significant increase in energy prices. In order to curb the sharp in-crease in consumer prices in the eurozone, the ECB began to implement a restrictive monetary policy, significantly raising interest rates, which made borrowed resources more expensive. For borrowers, this meant higher loan payments, including on mortgage loans. The ECB reduced demand with anti-inflationary measures, but at the same time also slowed down economic growth in the eurozone. Some eurozone countries also experienced recessions. Rising inflation and slowing economic growth or even a worsening economic situation are creating discontent in society, especially in terms of distrust of institutions. Economic and social changes create a fertile environment for the success of populism and populist leaders. Da-ta shows that in recent years Europe has been experiencing a wave of populism, especially the rise in popularity of far-right parties. The latest national election results show good success for the far-right in countries such as Germany, the Netherlands, Finland, France, Belgium. Their good success in the elections is largely related to their sharp stance against migration, but not only. They are also turning against the European Union (EU) “green deal”, EU institutions, which include the ECB. In some eurozone countries, populist parties also criticized the ECB and its monetary policy in order to increase their political capital before the elections. There are political forces, for example, in Germany and Finland, that do not like the ECB's purchase of debt securities of eurozone countries in financial difficulties. In others, populists would like the ECB to be more involved in economic processes. In several other countries, such as Slovakia, Germany, Finland and Austria, populist parties that have achieved good electoral success also criticized the ECB's interest rate hikes to curb inflation before the elections. Similarly, some politicians in power in countries such as Portugal and Italy turned against the ECB, blaming it for slow economic growth.
Description
Starptautiskās attiecības un diplomātija
International Relations and Diplomacy
Socioloģija, politoloģija un antropoloģija
Sociology, Politics and Anthropology
International Relations and Diplomacy
Socioloģija, politoloģija un antropoloģija
Sociology, Politics and Anthropology