Exploring mechanisms of weight gain among night shift workers

Abstract

The increasing prevalence of obesity and metabolic disorders is a significant global health concern with night shift workers being affected. The disruption of circadian rhythms caused by irregular work hours is increasingly recognized as a key factor in weight gain among this population.

Through a literature review, this thesis aimed to investigate factors contributing to weight gain in night shift workers, focusing on circadian disruption, hormonal imbalances, and lifestyle factors. The used method to achieve the thesis aim was through literature review.

The literature review revealed a link between circadian misalignment and weight gain in night shift workers. Studies consistently show that disrupted circadian rhythm, melatonin production and changes in insulin, leptin and ghrelin levels contribute to weight gain and increased risk of obesity. Additionally, shift workers have increased energy intake and reduced physical activity, further compounding the risk.

Interventions such as melatonin supplementation, blue-light filtering, and controlled lighting environments have shown promise in mitigating circadian disruption and its metabolic consequences.

Given the complexity of these mechanisms and the inconsistencies in some findings, further research is essential. Longitudinal studies focusing on human populations are necessary to confirm the effects of circadian disruption on weight gain. Additionally, exploring interventions targeting melatonin regulation, dietary habits, and physical activity could help mitigate these risks and improve the health outcomes for night shift workers.