Care for Anticoagulant Users in Oral Surgery
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Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte
Rīga Stradiņš University
Rīga Stradiņš University
Kopsavilkums
Lai novērstu trombembolijas gadījumus, tiek lietoti perorālie antikoagulanti, kas būtiski ir samazinājuši saslimstības un mirstības rādītājus saistītus ar dažādām saslimšanām, piemēram, mirdzaritmijām. Pēdējo desmitgažu laikā ir ievērojami pieaugusi antikoagulantu lietošana. Paralēli novērojamas arī nepietiekamas zobārstu zināšanas par pacientu antikoagulantu lietotāju aprūpi, veicot dažādas manipulācijas mutes ķirurģijā.
Mana darba mērķis bija pārskatīt jaunāko literatūru par pašlaik lietotajiem antikoagulantiem, kā arī apkopot un analizēt datus par zobārstu zināšanām un pieredzi antikoagulantu lietotāju aprūpē zobārstniecības praksē.
Metodes. Analizēti aptaujas, kurā piedalījās 100 zobārsti, anketas dati. Apkopoti literatūras dati publicēti no 2010. līdz 2021. gadam par orālo antikoagulantu lietotāju aprūpes jaunākajām rekomendācijām un jaunāko informāciju par orālajiem antikoagulantiem..
Rezultāti. Kaut arī lielākā daļa zobārstu ir labi informēti par anticoagulantu lietotāju aprūpi un asiņošanas kontroles metodēm, daudzi to nepiemēro savā ikdienas praksē. Vairāki zobārsti iesaka/pieprasa antikoagulantu atcelšanu zema riska procedūrām un ir pilnībā atkarīgi no pacienta ģimenes ārsta, lai veiktu asiņošanas riska novērtējumu.
Secinājumi. Orālo antikoagulantu terapija reti ir jāpārtrauc pirms ķirurģiskas procedūras, jo dzīvībai bīstamu embolijas epizožu risks ievērojami pārsniedz katastrofālas pēcoperācijas asiņošanas epizožu risku. Ar atbilstošu medicīnisko anamnēzi, riska novērtējumu, farmaceitiskām zināšanām un lokāliem hemostatiskiem līdzekļiem mutes dobuma ķirurģiju var droši veikt bez nepieciešamības pārtraukt orālo anticoagulant lietošanu. Pēc autora domām, ja ir ieviesti labāki protokoli, vienkāršas vadlīnijas katrai valstij un izglītības programmas par asiņošanas komplikāciju pārvaldību, zobārstu pārliecība par spēju kontrolēt asiņošanu var palielināties. Tas varētu samazināt nevajadzīgu antikoagulantu lietošanas pārtraukšanu un līdz ar to arī trombemboliju risku.
In preventing thromboembolic incidents, oral anticoagulants have reduced the morbidity and mortality rates associate with various diseases such as atrial fibrillation, which has resulted in a remarkable surge in anticoagulant prescriptions over the past few decades. As their availability, popularity, and choice is broadening, so are uncertainties amongst dental practitioners about care needed for anticoagulant users in oral surgery. Aim: To review recent literature about anticoagulants currently in use, and to collect and analyse data from dental practitioners about their knowledge and experience in managing anticoagulant users in dental practices. Methodology: The results from the questionnaire Management of OAC users by dentists in dental practices, answered by 100 dentists, was analysed. Additionally, literature, including studies, guidelines, and articles from the years 2010 to 2021 were reviewed to acquire up to date knowledge about oral anticoagulants. Results: Despite most dentists being highly knowledgeable about the care needed for anticoagulant users and bleeding management techniques, many do not apply this to their daily practice. Several dentists recommend/request anticoagulant withdrawal for low-risk procedures and depend entirely on the patient’s general practitioner to make a bleeding risk assessment. Conclusion: OAC therapy should rarely be stopped before a surgical procedure as the risk for life threatening embolic episodes far exceeds the risk of a catastrophic post-surgical bleeding episodes. With proper medical anamnesis, risk assessment, pharmaceutical knowledge, and elements such as local haemostatic measures combined, oral surgery can be safely completed without the need for OAC withdrawal. According to the author, with better protocols in place, simple guidelines for each country and educational programs about managing bleeding complications, dentists’ confidence in being able to control bleeding can increase and thus reduce unnecessary OAC withdrawals, and subsequently also the risk for thromboembolisms.
In preventing thromboembolic incidents, oral anticoagulants have reduced the morbidity and mortality rates associate with various diseases such as atrial fibrillation, which has resulted in a remarkable surge in anticoagulant prescriptions over the past few decades. As their availability, popularity, and choice is broadening, so are uncertainties amongst dental practitioners about care needed for anticoagulant users in oral surgery. Aim: To review recent literature about anticoagulants currently in use, and to collect and analyse data from dental practitioners about their knowledge and experience in managing anticoagulant users in dental practices. Methodology: The results from the questionnaire Management of OAC users by dentists in dental practices, answered by 100 dentists, was analysed. Additionally, literature, including studies, guidelines, and articles from the years 2010 to 2021 were reviewed to acquire up to date knowledge about oral anticoagulants. Results: Despite most dentists being highly knowledgeable about the care needed for anticoagulant users and bleeding management techniques, many do not apply this to their daily practice. Several dentists recommend/request anticoagulant withdrawal for low-risk procedures and depend entirely on the patient’s general practitioner to make a bleeding risk assessment. Conclusion: OAC therapy should rarely be stopped before a surgical procedure as the risk for life threatening embolic episodes far exceeds the risk of a catastrophic post-surgical bleeding episodes. With proper medical anamnesis, risk assessment, pharmaceutical knowledge, and elements such as local haemostatic measures combined, oral surgery can be safely completed without the need for OAC withdrawal. According to the author, with better protocols in place, simple guidelines for each country and educational programs about managing bleeding complications, dentists’ confidence in being able to control bleeding can increase and thus reduce unnecessary OAC withdrawals, and subsequently also the risk for thromboembolisms.
Description
Zobārstniecība
Dentistry
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care
Dentistry
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care
Atslēgas vārdi
antikoagulanti, mutes ķirurģija, varfarīns, rivaroksabāns, dabigatrāns, apiksabāns, edoksabāns, zobu ekstrakcija, zobārsts, hemostāze, asiņošanas risks un asiņošanas vadība., anticoagulants, oral surgery, warfarin, rivaroxaban, dabigatran, apixaban, edoxaban, tooth extraction, dentist, haemostasis, bleeding risk and bleeding management.